Skip to main content
Log in

The superior orbital fissure and its contents

La fissure orbitaire supérieure et son contenu

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Topographic landmarks for the superior orbital fissure are useful for general orientation and approach to the middle fossa, cavernous sinus and orbit. In this study, the microsurgical anatomy and morphometry of the superior orbital fissure and its related structures were examined in 57 disarticulated sphenoid bones, 102 skull bases and 58 adult cadaveric heads. The superior orbital fissure was observed in nine different shapes based on the classification of Sharma et al. (1988), and the most frequently observed was Type VI. The distance from the superomedial to the superolateral edge was measured as 17.3±3.4 mm on the right side and 16.9±2.9 mm on the left side, and from the superolateral to the inferior edge as 20.8±3.9 mm on the right side and 20.1±3.8 mm on the left side. The distance from the superomedial to the inferior edge of the fissure was measured as 9.5±2.2 mm on the right side and 9±2.4 mm on the left side. No right-left differences were observed for these measurements. Measurements regarding the relationship of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducent nerves, the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and the superior orbital vein were performed and topographic aspects of the superior orbital fissure region were described.

Résumé

Les repères topographiques de la fissure orbitaire supérieure sont utiles pour une orientation générale et l'abord de la fosse crânienne moyenne, du sinus caverneux et de l'orbite. Dans cette étude l'anatomie micro-chirurgicale et la morphométrie de la fissure orbitaire supérieure et des structures en rapport ont été examinées sur 57 os sphénoïdes désarticulés, 102 bases de crâne, et 58 têtes de cadavre adulte. La fissure orbitaire supérieure a été observée selon les différentes formes basées sur la classification de Sharma et al. (1988) et le type le plus souvent observé était le type VI. La longueur de la distance entre les bords supéro-médial et supéro-latéral était de 17,3±3,4 mm du côté droit, et 16,9±2,9 mm du côté gauchre, la distance entre les bords supéro-latéral et inférieur était de 20,8±3,9 mm du côté droit, et 20,1 ±3,8 mm du côté gauche. La distance entre le bord supéro-médial et le brod inférieur de la fissure était de 9,5±2,2 mm du côté droit, et 9±2,4 mm du côté gauche. Aucune différence droite-gauche n'a été observée pour ces mesures. Les mesures concernant les rapports des nn. oculomoteur, trochléaire et abducens, du n. ophtalmique (du n. trijumeau) et de la v. orbitaire supérieure ont été réalisées et les aspects topographiques de la région de la fissure orbitaire supérieure sont décrites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Berlis A, Putz R, Schumacher M (1992) Direct and CT measurements of canal and foramina of skull base. Br J Radiol 65: 653–61

    Google Scholar 

  2. Brazis PW (1993) Palsies of the trochlear nerve. Mayo Clin Proc 68: 501–509

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hassler W, Egger HR (1985) Extradural and intradural microsurgical approaches to lesions of the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. Acta Neurochir-Wien 74: 87–93

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kopsch F (1955) Lehrbuch und Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen. Band I Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 189

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lang J (1995) Skull base and related structures. Schattauer, Stuttgart, pp 114

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lenzi GL, Fieschi C (1977) Superior orbital fissure syndrome. Eur Neurol 16: 23–30

    Google Scholar 

  7. Magden O, Icke C, Arman C, Ozyurt D, Kaynak S (1995) Fissura orbitalis superior'un original tipleri. MN Oftalmoloji 2: 130–135

    Google Scholar 

  8. Morard M, Tcherekayev V, de Tribolet N (1994) The superior orbital fissure: a microanatomical study. Neurosurgery 35: 1087–1093

    Google Scholar 

  9. Natori Y, Rhoton AL Jr (1994) Transcranial approach to orbit: microsurgical anatomy. J Neurosurg 81: 78–86

    Google Scholar 

  10. Natori Y, Rhoton AL Jr (1995) Microsurgical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure. Neurosurgery 36: 762–775

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rak Y, Kimbel WH, Johanson DC (1996) The crescent of formaina in Australopithecus afarensis and other early hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol 101: 93–99

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shapiro R, Janzen AH (1960) The normal skull. Paul B. Hoeber Inc., Medical Division of Harper and Brothers. In: Sharma PK, Malhotra VK, Tewari SP (1988) Variations in the shape of the superior orbital fissure. Anat Anz 165: 55–56

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sharma PK, Malhotra VK, Tewari SP (1988) Variations in the shape of the superior orbital fissure. Anat Anz 165: 55–56

    Google Scholar 

  14. Williams P and Bannister L (1995) Gray's Anatomy. 38th edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 555, 560, 571

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zachariades N, Vairaktaris E, Papavassiliou D, Papademetriou I, Mezitis M, Triantafyllou D (1985) The superior orbital fissure syndrome. J Maxillofac Surg 13: 125–128

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Govsa, F., Kayalioglu, G., Erturk, M. et al. The superior orbital fissure and its contents. Surg Radiol Anat 21, 181–185 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630898

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630898

Key words

Navigation