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Modulation by fish oil diet of eicosanoid-induced anion secretion in the rat distal colon

Modulation Eicosanoid-induzierter Sekretionsvorgänge am Kolon der Ratte durch eine Fischöldiät

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Summary

Eicosanoids are involved in the mediation of inflammatory and allergic processes in the gut. In order to evaluate a potential beneficial effect of the diet, the effect of mediators of inflammation and of a sensitization against egg albumin on anion secretion across the colon was tested using rats fed on a diet containing 15 % fish oil as compared to 15 % olive oil as donor animals.

Feeding on a fish oil diet significantly reduced the response to bradykinin or phospholipase C, known agonists of prostaglandin-induced secretion, by about 50 %. The increase in short-circuit current (Isc) induced by the phospholipase A2 stimulator, melittin, or by distension of the gut wall were only insignificantly inhibited by 15–30 %. Administration of egg albumin to the mucosas from animals sensitized against egg albumin induced an indomethacin- and tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in Isc. This response was, however, only insignificantly (30 %) reduced by the fish oil diet.

In conclusion, the effect of fish oil diet depends on the stimulus used for activation of prostaglandin release. This suggested that different pools of arachidonic acid are differentially affected by the diet or that certain stimuli for phospholipases are strong enough to overcome the effect of a reduced substrate availability. Consequently, a diet rich in polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids may only play an adjuvant role for the therapy of inflammatory or allergic intestinal diseases.

Zusammenfassung

Eicosanoide sind an der Entstehung entzündlicher und allergischer Darmerkrankungen beteiligt. Um die Möglichkeit einer diätetischen Beeinflussung dieser Erkrankungen zu untersuchen, wurde die sekretorische Wirkung verschiedener Entzündungsmediatoren und einer Sensibilisierung gegen Hühnereialbumin am Kolon von Ratten in vitro getestet, die eine Diät mit 15 % Fischöl erhielten. Als Kontrolle dienten Ratten, die eine Diät mit 15 % Olivenöl erhielten.

Die Fütterung mit der Fischöldiät hemmte signifikant die prostaglandinvermittelte Sekretion, die durch Bradykinin oder Phospholipase C hervorgerufen wurde, um circa 50 %. Der Anstieg des Kurzschlußstroms (Isc), der durch Melittin, einem Stimulator der Phospholipase A2, oder Dehnung der Darmwand induziert wurde, war dagegen nur geringfügig (um 15–30 %; nicht signifikant) vermindert. Zugabe von Hühnereialbumin zu den Schleimhautpräparaten von Tieren, die gegen dieses Protein sensibilisiert worden waren, rief einen Indomethacin-und Tetrodotoxin-sensitiven Anstieg des Isc hervor. Auch diese Antwort wurde nur in nicht signifikantem Ausmaß (30 %) durch die Fischöldiät vermindert.

Diese Ergebnisse legen den Schluß nahe, daß die Wirkung einer Fischöldiät von der Art des Stimulus abhängig ist, der die Prostaglandinsynthese anregt. Dies weist möglicherweise auf die Existenz verschiedener Arachidonsäurepools hin, die von verschiedenen Stimuli aktiviert und unterschiedlich durch die Diät beeinflußt werden. Dementsprechend kommt einer Diät mit n-3-mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren höchstens eine Rolle als Adjuvans bei der Therapie entzündlicher oder allergischer Darmerkrankungen zu.

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Abbreviations

Isc :

Short circuit current

Gt :

tissue conductance

PLC :

phospholipase C

SEM :

standard error of the mean

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Universität Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    F. Hug & E. Scharrer

  2. Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 100, 35392, Gießen, FRG

    M. Diener

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  1. F. Hug
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Hug, F., Diener, M. & Scharrer, E. Modulation by fish oil diet of eicosanoid-induced anion secretion in the rat distal colon. Z Ernährungswiss 35, 323–331 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610550

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