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Reversal of abnormal fibrinolytic activity, blood coagulation factors and platelet function in high-altitude pulmonary oedema with frusemide

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Abstract

In high-altitude pulmonary oedema there is evidence of widespread intravascular clotting which is associated with and may result from reduced fibrinolytic activity with increased plasma fibrinogen, increased factors V, VIII and X, decreased factor XII, and increased platelet adhesiveness and platelet factor 3. The beneficial effect of frusemide which is the mainstay of treatment has so far been ascribed to its potency and rapidity of action in inducing diuresis and its effect on pulmonary blood volume which is reduced. However, an interesting new finding is that at the same time frusemide reverses adverse changes in fibrinolytic activity, blood coagulation, and platelet function and thereby removes impediment to the pulmonary blood flow at the capillary and venular level.

Zusammenfassung

Bei Lungenödem in Hochgebirge liegt eine weitverteilte, intravasale Gerinnung vor, die verbunden ist mit oder als Folge einer verminderten fibrinolytischen Aktivität mit erhöhtem Plasmafibrinogen, Faktoren V, VIII und X und vermindertem Faktor XII, erhöhter Plättchen-Klebrigkeit und Plättchenfaktor 3 auftritt. Die günstige Wirkung von Frusemid wurde bisher seiner raschen Wirkung auf die Auslösung der Diurese und der Reduzierung des pulmonalen Blutvolumens zugeschrieben. Nach einer neuen Beobachtung kehrt Frusemid die Veränderungen der fibrinolytischen Aktivität, Blutgerinnung und Plättchenfunktion um und beseitigt auf diese Weise die Behinderung des pulmonalen Blutflusses im Kapillarbereich.

Resume

Les oedèmes pulmonaires constatés en haute montagne sont en étroite relation avec une augmentation des facteurs de coagulation du sang. Cette augmentation est consécutive à une diminution de l'activité fibrinolytique. Elle est accompagnée d'une augmentation des fibrines du plasma, des facteurs V, VIII et X et d'une diminution du facteur XII. On constate en outre une adhésion plus forte des plaquettes et une hausse du facteur 3 des dites plaquettes. On a attribué l'action bienfaisante de la frusémide au fait qu'elle déclenche rapidement une diurèse et une réduction du volume du sang dans les poumons. Cependant, de nouvelles observations ont amené à la constatation que la frusémide renverse les processus de modification de l'activité fibrinolytique, de la coagulabilité du sang et des fonctions des plaquettes. En outre, elle écarte de cette façon la rétention du flux sanguin pulmonaire dans la zone des capillaires.

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Singh, I., Chohan, I.S. Reversal of abnormal fibrinolytic activity, blood coagulation factors and platelet function in high-altitude pulmonary oedema with frusemide. Int J Biometeorol 17, 73–81 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01553647

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