Summary
The potential ranges of polarization of a pair of dropping mercury electrodes, over which the two mercury droplets coalesced, were measured as functions of ionic concentrations for various electrolytes. In the case of simple inorganic electrolytes the condition of coalescence obtained was proved to be in quantitative agreement with theVerwey-Overbeek theory of coagulation of lyophobic sols, thus indicating that the interaction between sub-microscopic particles of hydrophobic sols is essentially the same as that between macroscopic mercury droplets. While, in the case of sodium citrate solutions two kinds of marked deviations from the theory were observed, which appeared to be due to the specific adsorption of citrate ions and to the formation of protective interfacial films.
Zusammenfassung
Die Potentialbereiche der Polariation eines Paares von Quecksilber-Tropfelektroden, über die die beiden Quecksilbertropfen koaleszieren, werden als Funktion der Ionenkonzentration verschiedener Elektrolyte gemessen. Im Fall einfacher anorganischer Elektrolyte wurde die erhaltene Bedingung der Koaleszenz mit der Theorie vonVerwey-Overbeek der Kaogulation lyophober Sole geprüft und in quantitativer übereinstimmung befunden. Das zeigt, da\ die Wechselwirkung zwischen submikroskopischen Partikeln hydrophober Sole im wesentlichen dieselbe ist wie zwischen den makroskopischen Quecksilbertröpfchen. Dagegen ergaben sich im Fall von Natriumzitratlösungen zwei Arten markanter Abweichungen von der Theorie. Diese scheinen spezifische Adsorption der Zitrationen und die Ausbildung von SchutzgrenzflÄchenfilmen zur Ursache zu haben.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Verwey, E. J. andJ. Th. G. Overbeek, Theory of Stability of Lyophobic Colloids (Amsterdam 1948).
Hamaker, H. C., Hydrophobic Colloids, p. 16 (Amsterdam 1938); Rec. trav. chim.55, 1015 (1936);56, 3 (1937).
Smoluchowski, M., Physik. Z.17, 557, 588 (1916).
Kruyt, H. R., Colloid Science. (Amsterdam 1948).
Reerink, H. andJ. Th. G. Overbeek, Disc. Faraday Soc.,18, 74 (1954).
Ottewill, R. H. andM. C. Rastogi, Trans. Faraday Soc.56, 866, 880 (1960).
Ottewill, R. H., M. C. Rastogi andA. Watanabe, ibid.,56, 854 (1960).
Ottewill, R. H. andA. Watanabe, Kolloid-Z.170, 38, 132;173, 7, 122 (1960).
Watanabe, A., Bull. Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ.38, 158,179, 216 (1960).
Rehbinder, P. andE. Wenström, Kolloid-Z.53, 145 (1930).
Derjaguin, B. V., Trans. Faraday Soc.36, 203 (1940).
Cockbain, E. G. andT. S. McRoberts, J. Colloid Sci.8, 440 (1953).
Gillespie, T. andE. K. Rideal, Trans. Faraday Soc.52, 173 (1956).
Elton, G. A. H. andR. G. Picknett, Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Surface Activity1, 211 (1957).
Tempel, M. van den, ibid.1, 439 (1957).
Derjaguin, B. V. andA. S. Titijevskaja, ibid.1, 211 (1957).
Grahame, D. C., Chem. Revs.41, 441 (1947).
Grahame, D. C., J. Amer. Chem. Soc.63, 1207 (1941);68, 301 (1946).
Ueda, S., F. Tsuji andA. Watanabe, J. Electrochem. Soc., Japan29, 634 (1961).
Matijevic, E. andB. Tezak, J. Physic. Chem.57, 951 (1953).
Matijevic, E., M. B. Abramson, K. F. Schulz andM. Kerker, ibid.64, 1157 (1960).
Ottewill, R. H. andA. Watanabe, Kolloid-Z.173, 122 (1960).
Hamakar, H. C., Physica4, 1958 (1937).
Stern, O., Z. Elektrochem.30, 508 (1924).
Becher, P., Emulsions (New York 1957).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Watanabe, A., Gotoh, R. On the theory of coagulation and the coalescence of mercury droplets in aqueous solutions. Kolloid-Z.u.Z.Polymere 191, 36–42 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499360
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499360