Skip to main content
Log in

On the theory of coagulation and the coalescence of mercury droplets in aqueous solutions

  • Originalarbeiten
  • Kolloide und Natürliche Makromoleküle
  • Published:
Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zeitschrift für Polymere Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The potential ranges of polarization of a pair of dropping mercury electrodes, over which the two mercury droplets coalesced, were measured as functions of ionic concentrations for various electrolytes. In the case of simple inorganic electrolytes the condition of coalescence obtained was proved to be in quantitative agreement with theVerwey-Overbeek theory of coagulation of lyophobic sols, thus indicating that the interaction between sub-microscopic particles of hydrophobic sols is essentially the same as that between macroscopic mercury droplets. While, in the case of sodium citrate solutions two kinds of marked deviations from the theory were observed, which appeared to be due to the specific adsorption of citrate ions and to the formation of protective interfacial films.

Zusammenfassung

Die Potentialbereiche der Polariation eines Paares von Quecksilber-Tropfelektroden, über die die beiden Quecksilbertropfen koaleszieren, werden als Funktion der Ionenkonzentration verschiedener Elektrolyte gemessen. Im Fall einfacher anorganischer Elektrolyte wurde die erhaltene Bedingung der Koaleszenz mit der Theorie vonVerwey-Overbeek der Kaogulation lyophober Sole geprüft und in quantitativer übereinstimmung befunden. Das zeigt, da\ die Wechselwirkung zwischen submikroskopischen Partikeln hydrophober Sole im wesentlichen dieselbe ist wie zwischen den makroskopischen Quecksilbertröpfchen. Dagegen ergaben sich im Fall von Natriumzitratlösungen zwei Arten markanter Abweichungen von der Theorie. Diese scheinen spezifische Adsorption der Zitrationen und die Ausbildung von SchutzgrenzflÄchenfilmen zur Ursache zu haben.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Verwey, E. J. andJ. Th. G. Overbeek, Theory of Stability of Lyophobic Colloids (Amsterdam 1948).

  2. Hamaker, H. C., Hydrophobic Colloids, p. 16 (Amsterdam 1938); Rec. trav. chim.55, 1015 (1936);56, 3 (1937).

  3. Smoluchowski, M., Physik. Z.17, 557, 588 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kruyt, H. R., Colloid Science. (Amsterdam 1948).

  5. Reerink, H. andJ. Th. G. Overbeek, Disc. Faraday Soc.,18, 74 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ottewill, R. H. andM. C. Rastogi, Trans. Faraday Soc.56, 866, 880 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ottewill, R. H., M. C. Rastogi andA. Watanabe, ibid.,56, 854 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ottewill, R. H. andA. Watanabe, Kolloid-Z.170, 38, 132;173, 7, 122 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Watanabe, A., Bull. Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ.38, 158,179, 216 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rehbinder, P. andE. Wenström, Kolloid-Z.53, 145 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Derjaguin, B. V., Trans. Faraday Soc.36, 203 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cockbain, E. G. andT. S. McRoberts, J. Colloid Sci.8, 440 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gillespie, T. andE. K. Rideal, Trans. Faraday Soc.52, 173 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Elton, G. A. H. andR. G. Picknett, Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Surface Activity1, 211 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tempel, M. van den, ibid.1, 439 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Derjaguin, B. V. andA. S. Titijevskaja, ibid.1, 211 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Grahame, D. C., Chem. Revs.41, 441 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Grahame, D. C., J. Amer. Chem. Soc.63, 1207 (1941);68, 301 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ueda, S., F. Tsuji andA. Watanabe, J. Electrochem. Soc., Japan29, 634 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Matijevic, E. andB. Tezak, J. Physic. Chem.57, 951 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Matijevic, E., M. B. Abramson, K. F. Schulz andM. Kerker, ibid.64, 1157 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ottewill, R. H. andA. Watanabe, Kolloid-Z.173, 122 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hamakar, H. C., Physica4, 1958 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Stern, O., Z. Elektrochem.30, 508 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Becher, P., Emulsions (New York 1957).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Watanabe, A., Gotoh, R. On the theory of coagulation and the coalescence of mercury droplets in aqueous solutions. Kolloid-Z.u.Z.Polymere 191, 36–42 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499360

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499360

Keywords

Navigation