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The onset of manifest convection from suddenly heated horizontal cylinders

Das Einsetzen merklicher Konvektion von plötzlich beheizten horizontalen Zylindern

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Abstract

Experimental data are presented for the onset of manifest convection in water around a heated horizontal cylinder. Thin nickel coatings were applied to three plexiglass cylinders of different diameters. The nickel surface was used as a heater and observations were made by a holographic interferometer. Initially, conduction prevailed within the system, in agreement with other time-dependent investigations of heating or cooling from a surface. After a period of time the manifest convection was detected around the cylinder. The critical Rayleigh number which defines the onset of convection was 20–30 for cylinders with 15, 25 and 40 mm diameters.

Zusammenfassung

Für das Einsetzen merklicher Konvektion in Wasser um einen beheizten horizontalen Zylinder werden Versuchsergebnisse mitgeteilt. Drei Plexiglaszylinder verschiedener Durchmesser erhielten dünne Nickelüberzüge, die als elektrische Heizer verwendet wurden; die Konvektion wurde durch ein holographisches Interferometer beobachtet. Zunächst tritt reine Wärmeleitung ein in Übereinstimmung mit anderen Beobachtungen beim Heizen oder Kühlen. Merkliche Konvektion setzt erst nach einer gewissen Zeit ein, wobei die kritische Rayleigh-Zahl bei 20 bis 30 liegt für Zylinder-Durchmesser von 15, 25 und 40 mm.

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Abbreviations

a:

radius of the cylinder

c:

specific heat

g:

gravitational acceleration

H:

the rate of energy increase per unit volume

k:

thermal conductivity

q:

heat flux

r:

radial coordinate

t:

time

T:

temperature

x:

coordinate

α:

thermal diffusivity

ß:

coefficient of thermal expansion

δ:

penetration depth

ν :

kinematic viscosity

ρ:

density

Pr=ν/α:

Prandtl number

R=qgβαt2/νk:

Rayleigh number

R′=q′gβ√αt 23 /νk:

Rayleigh number for a wire

c:

critical

h.l.:

horizontal layer

p:

plexiglass

t:

total

w:

wire

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ann Arbor, USA

    O. F. Genceli

  2. Makina Fakültesi Isi Teknigi Kürsüsü Gümüssuyu, Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkei

    O. F. Genceli

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  1. O. F. Genceli
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On leave from the Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey

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Genceli, O.F. The onset of manifest convection from suddenly heated horizontal cylinders. Warme- und Stoffubertragung 13, 163–169 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01433443

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01433443

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