Summary
Since D-serine occurs at high concentrations in mammalian forebrains, the brain D-serine content was analyzed in hyperkinetic and ataxic mutant mice as well as normal control mice in a search for a physiological role. The concentrations of free D-serine (nmol/g wet weight) were 392 ± 114 (mean ± S.D.), 43 ± 17 and 18 ± 8.4 in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum of the BUS mouse, respectively; and 336 ± 93,58 ± 11 and 18 ± 8.5 in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum of the Rolling mouse, respectively. These values were not significantly different from those for each control animal. The present results suggest that brain D-serine may not be a cause of the abnormal movements of the mutant mice. On the contrary, among many amino acids examined, tyrosine level was found to be lower in the brain stem of BUS mouse compared to the normal control animal by amino acid analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chouinard ML, Gaitan D, Wood PL (1993) Presence of the N-methyl-D-aspartateassociated glycine receptor agonist, D-serine, in human temporal cortex: comparison of normal, Parkinson, and Alzheimer tissues. J Neurochem 61: 1561–1564
Contreras PC (1990) D-Serine antagonized phencyclidine- and MK-801-induced stereotyped behavior and ataxia. Neuropharmacol 29: 291–293
Danysz W, Fadda E, Wroblewski JT, Costa E (1990)3HD-Serine labels strychninein-sensitive glycine recognition sites of rat central nervous system. Life Sci 46: 155–164
Hashimoto A, Nishikawa T, Hayashi T, Fujii N, Harada K, Oka T, Takahashi K (1992) The presence of free D-serine in rat brain. FEBS Lett 296: 33–36
Hashimoto A, Nishikawa T, Oka T, Takahashi K (1993) Endogenous D-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related distribution and aging. J Neurochem 60: 783–786
Konagaya M, Takayanagi T, Muroga T, Adachi K, Sobue I (1980) Noradrenaline metabolism in the brain of Rolling mouse Nagoya and the influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Clin Neurol (Tokyo) 20: 181–188
Konno R, Yasumura Y (1983) Mouse mutant deficient in D-amino acid oxidase activity. Genetics 103: 277–285
Marfey EH (1984) Determination of D-amino acids. 11. Use of a bifunctional reagent, 1,5difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Carlsberg Res Commun 49: 591–596
Muramoto O, Ando K, Kanazawa I (1981) Neurotransmitters in the brain of Rolling mouse Nagoya. Clin Neurol (Tokyo) 21: 64–72
Nagata Y (1992) Involvement of D-amino acid oxidase in elimination of D-serine in mouse brain. Experientia 48: 753–755
Nagata Y, Yamamoto K, Shimojo T (1992) Determination of D- and L-amino acids in mouse kidney by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 575: 147–152
Nagata Y, Horiike K, Maeda T (1994) Distribution of free D-serine in vertebrate brains. Brain Res 634: 291–295
Nagatsu I, Kondo Y, Inagaki S, Oda S, Nagatsu T (1980) Dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in brain regions of rolling mouse Nagoya. Biomed Res 1: 88–90
Oda S (1973) The observation of rolling mouse Nagoya (rol), a new neurological mutant, and its maintenance. Exp Anim 22: 281–288
Oda S (1978) A new allele of the tottering locus, rolling mouse Nagoya, on chromosome No. 8 in the mouse. Jpn J Genet 56: 295–299
Onodera H, Takase S, Oda S, Sobue I, Kogure k (1988) Neurotransmitter receptors of the rolling mouse Nagoya: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Neurosci Res 5: 316–324
Schell MJ, Molliver ME, Snyder SH (1995) D-Serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3948–3952
Shoji R, Hanai A, Matsui F, Kimura R, Murata Y, Mizutani A (1988) Congenital hyperkinesia. Mouse News Lett 81: 68
Snell LD, Morter RS, Johnson KM (1988) Structural requirements for activation of the glycine receptor that modulates the N-methyl-D-aspartate operated ion channel. Eur J Pharmacol 156: 105–110
Yamaguchi T, Hayashi K, Murakami H, Maruyama S, Yamaguchi M (1984a) Distribution and characterization of the GABA receptors in the CNS of ataxic mutant mouse. Neurochem Res 9: 485–495
Yamaguchi T, Hayashi K, Murakami H, Maruyama S, Yamaguchi M (1984b) Distribution and characterization of the glutamate receptors in the CNS of ataxic mutant mouse. Neurochem Res 9: 497–505
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nagata, Y., Shoji, R., Yonezawa, S. et al. Brain D-serine and tyrosine levels in ataxic mutant mice. Amino Acids 12, 95–100 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373430
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373430