Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dietary lipids, prostaglandin E2 levels, and tooth movement in alveolar bone of rats

  • Laboratory Investigations
  • Published:
Calcified Tissue International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A previous study showed that certain dietary lipids can alter arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone. Because arachidonic acid is a precursor of prostaglandin (PG) E2, which is known to play an important role in orthodontic tooth movement, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lipids on PGE2 levels and tooth movement. Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (20/group) were fed nutritionally adequate purified diets containing 10% corn oil (group I, rich in n-6 fatty acids) or 9% ethyl ester concentrate of n-3 fatty acids + 1% corn oil (group II rich in n-3 fatty acids). After 5 weeks of feeding the diets, orthodontic force of 56 g was applied to the maxillary incisors to tip them distally. Prior to killing the rats at day 4 and 8 of orthodontic force application, tooth movement was measured by computerized image analysis. Premaxillae were dissected out free of soft tissue and incisors. The alveolar bone was frozen in liquid nitrogen, pulverized, and lipids were extracted. The concentrations of arachidonic acid and fatty acid composition of total phospholipids were measured by gas chromatography. PGE2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Arachidonic acid and PGE2 concentration were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in alveolar bone of rats in group II than in group I. The tooth movement was also significantly lower (P < 0.02) in group II than in group I at both 4 and 8 days. The results suggest that PGE2 levels in alveolar bone and orthodontic tooth movement can be affected by the type of dietary fat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Klein DC, Raisz LG (1970) Prostaglandins: stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture. Endocrinology 86:1436–1440

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dietrich JW, Goodson JN, Raisz LG (1975) Stimulation of bone resorption by various PGs in organ culture. Prostaglandin 10:231–239

    Google Scholar 

  3. Somjen D, Binderman J, Berger E, Harell A (1980) Bone remodeling induced by physical stress if PGE2 mediated. Biochim Biophys Acta 627:91–100

    Google Scholar 

  4. Binderman I, Zor U, Kaye AM, Shimsoni Z, Harell A, Somjen D (1988) The transduction of mechanical force into biochemical events in bone cells may involve activation of phospholipase A2. Calcif Tissue Int 42:261–266

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chumbley AB, Tuncay OC (1986) The effect of indomethacin (an aspirin-like drug) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 89:312–314

    Google Scholar 

  6. Davidovich D, Shanfeld JL (1980) PGE2 levels in alveolar bone in orthodontically treated cats. (abstract #362) J Dent Res 59

  7. Yamasaki K, Miura F, Suda T (1980) Prostaglandin as a mediator of bone resorption induced by experimental tooth movement in rats. J Dent Res 59:1635–1642

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yamasaki K, Shibata Y, Fukuhara T (1982) The effect of prostaglandins on experimental tooth movement in monkeys (Macaca Fuscata). J Dent Res 61:1444–1446

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wenchen L (1990) Experimental study of the effect of prostaglandin administration on tooth movement-with particular emphasis on the relationship to the method of PGE2 administration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 98:232–241

    Google Scholar 

  10. Shanfeld J, Jones J, Laster L, Davidovich D (1986) Biochemical aspects of orthodontic tooth movement. I. Cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin concentrations in tissues surrounding orthodontically treated teeth in vivo. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 90:139–148

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kokkinos PP, Alam SQ, Alam BS (1993) Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone of rats fed diets with different lipids. Calcif Tissue Int 53:330–332

    Google Scholar 

  12. Alam SQ, Bergens BM, Alam BS (1991) Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 levels in gingiva and submandibular salivary glands of rats fed diets containing n-3 fatty acids. Lipids 26:895–900

    Google Scholar 

  13. Swanson J, Black M, Kinsella J (1987) Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: rate and extent of modification of fatty acyl composition of lipid classes of mouse lung and kidney. J Nutr 117:824–832

    Google Scholar 

  14. Garg M, Thompson A, Clandinin T (1988) Effect of dietary cholesterol and/or ω3 fatty acids on lipid composition and Δ5—desaturase activity of rat liver microsomes. J Nutr 118:661–668

    Google Scholar 

  15. American Institute of Nutrition (1977) Report on the AIN Ad Hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. J Nutr 107:1340–1348

    Google Scholar 

  16. American Institute of Nutrition (1980) Second report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. J Nutr 110:1726

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vignery A, Baron R (1980) Dynamic histomorphometry at alveolar bone remodeling in adult rat. Anat Rec 196:191–200

    Google Scholar 

  18. Reitan K, Kvam E (1971) Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement. Angle Orthod 41:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  19. King G, Keeling D, Wronski T (1991) Histomorphometric study of alveolar bone turnover in orthodontic tooth movement. Bone 12:401–409

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bridges J, King G, Mohammed A (1988) The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 93:245–250

    Google Scholar 

  21. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509

    Google Scholar 

  22. Morrison WR, Smith LM (1964) Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoridemethanol. J Lipid Res 5:600–608

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yamasaki K (1983) The role of cyclic AMP, calcium and prostaglandins in the induction of osteoclastic bone resorption associated with experimental tooth movement. J Dent Res 62:877–881

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chao CF, Shih C, Wang TM, Lo TH (1988) Effects of prostaglandin E2 on alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Acta Anat 132:304–309

    Google Scholar 

  25. Imamura K, Ozawa H, Hiraide T, Takahashi N, Shibasaki Y, Fukuhara T, Suda T (1990) Continuously applied compressive pressure induces bone resorption by a mechanism involving prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J Cell Physiol 144:222–228

    Google Scholar 

  26. Akatsu T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Imamura K, Yamaguchi A, Sato K, Nagata N, Suda T (1991) Role of prostaglandins in interleukin-1-induced bone resorption in mice in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 6:185–189

    Google Scholar 

  27. Raz A, Wyche A, Siegel N, Needleman P (1988) Regulation of fibroblast cyclooxygenase synthesis by interleukin-1. J Biol Chem 263:3022–3028

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jee WSS, Ueno K, Kimmel DB, Woodbury DM, Price P, Woodbury LA (1987) The role of bone cells in increasing metaphyseal hard tissue in rapidly growing rats treated with prostaglandin E2. Bone 8:171–178

    Google Scholar 

  29. O'Keefe RJ, Crabb ID, Puzas JE, Rosier RN (1992) Influence of prostaglandins on DNA and matrix synthesis in growth plate chondrocytes. J Bone Miner Res 7:397–404

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yang R-S, Liu T-K, Lin-Shiau S-Yn (1993) Increased bone growth by local prostaglandin E2 in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 52:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mostafa FA, Weaks-Dybirg M, Osdoby P (1983) Orchestration of tooth movement. Am J Orthod 83:245–250

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lilja E, Bjömestedt T, Lindskog S (1983) Cellular enzyme activity associated with tissue degradation following orthodontic tooth movement in man. Scand J Dent Res 91:381–390

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lilja E, Lindskog S, Hammerström L (1983) Histochemistry of coenzymes associated with tissue degradation incident of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 83:62–75

    Google Scholar 

  34. Yamasaki K, Shibata Y, Imai S, Tani Y, Shibasaki Y, Fukuhara T (1984) Clinical application of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) upon orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 85:508–518

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mohammed A, Tatakis D, Dziak R (1989) Leukotriene in orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 95:232–237

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sandy JR, Harris M (1984) Prostaglandins and tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 6:175–182

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wong A, Reynolds EC, West VC (1992) The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on orthodontic tooth movement in the guinea pig. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 102:360–365

    Google Scholar 

  38. Raisz LG, Alander CB, Simmons HA (1989) Effects of prostaglandin E3 and eicosapentaenoic acid on rat bone in organ culture. Prostaglandins 37:615–625

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, LSU Medical Center, 1100 Florida Avenue, 70119, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Petros P. Kokkinos & Robert Shaye

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Medical Center, 1100 Florida Avenue, 70119, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Bassima S. Alam & Syed Q. Alam

Authors
  1. Petros P. Kokkinos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert Shaye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bassima S. Alam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Syed Q. Alam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kokkinos, P.P., Shaye, R., Alam, B.S. et al. Dietary lipids, prostaglandin E2 levels, and tooth movement in alveolar bone of rats. Calcif Tissue Int 53, 333–337 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01351839

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01351839

Key words

Search

Navigation