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Deleterious effect of chronic high-dose ethanol intake on biomechanical bone properties and periodontal status

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Abstract

To evaluate the effect of high-graduation chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake on bone and periodontal tissues of rats. Male Wistar rats (250 g) were divided into two groups of n = 12 each one. EtOH (5 ml of 3 g/kg) was administered to the experimental group by gastric gavage twice a day for 20 days and the control group received water under the same conditions. The rats were euthanized and used to perform biochemical determination in plasma and gingival tissue, and histological and biomechanical studies in the femur and mandibular tissues. Alcohol increased both TNFα (p < 0.01) and PGE2 (p < 0.05) in plasma and gingiva (p < 0.05) as compared to controls. In addition, EtOH increased the alveolar bone loss as evidenced by the increased distance between the cement enamel junction and the alveolar crest (p < 0.01), the lower % of interradicular bone expressed as bone area/total area (B.Ar/T.Ar, p < 0.05) and the larger periodontal space (p < 0.05), as compared to controls. Likewise, the mandibular microtomographic analysis in alcoholized rats revealed a lower % of interradicular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, p < 0.05), greater trabecular separation (p < 0.05) and greater % trabecular porosity (p < 0.05) than controls. No biomechanical alteration was observed in lower jaws, while the femur of alcoholized rats presented a decrease in the structural bone properties (p < 0.001), as a systemic consequence of deterioration of the diaphyseal architecture (p < 0.01) without changes in material properties. The consumption of high doses of alcohol produces deleterious effects on periodontal tissues that could be due not only to local but also systemic effects.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the University of Buenos Aires (UBACYT) and the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET).

Funding

The study was supported by research grants PIP CONICET N8 076 from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (Argentina), and UBACYT 20020130200010BA and 20020130100285BA of the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Claudia Mohn, Gastón Troncoso, Cesar Ossola, Clarisa Bozzini, Juan Carlos Elverdin & Javier Fernández-Solari

  2. National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Claudia Mohn & Javier Fernández-Solari

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  1. Claudia Mohn
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Mohn, C., Troncoso, G., Ossola, C. et al. Deleterious effect of chronic high-dose ethanol intake on biomechanical bone properties and periodontal status. Odontology (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00872-3

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