Summary
During reverse transcription the synthesis of plus strand viral DNA is initiated from an RNA polypurine primer immediately upstream of the U 3 region. The polypurine tract (PPT) sequence at this site is in HIV-1 also present in the middle of the genome. Here we demonstrate that a subpopulation of linear unintegrated HIV-1 DNA has a discontinuity in the plus strand within less than 50 bp from this central PPT, consistent with its utilization as a plus strand initiation site.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blum HE, Harris JD, Ventura P, Walker D, Staskus K, Retzel E, Haase AT (1985) Synthesis in cell culture of the gapped linear duplex DNA of the slow virus Visna. Virology 142: 270–277
Chakrabarti L, Guyader M, Alizon M, Daniel MD, Desrosiers RC, Tiollais P, Sonigo P (1987) Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. Nature 328: 543–547
Finston WI, Champoux JJ (1984) RNA-primed initiation of Moloney murine leukemia virus plus strands by reverse transcriptase in vitro. J Virol 51: 26–33
Franchini G, Gurgo C, Guo H-G, Gallo RC, Collalti E, Fargnoli KA, Hall LF, Wong-Staal F, Reitz MS Jr (1987) Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. Nature 328: 539–543
Gilboa E, Mitra SW, Goff S, Baltimore B (1979) A detailed model of reverse transcription and tests of crucial aspects. Cell 18: 93–100
Guyader M, Emerman M, Sonigo P, Clavel F, Montagnier L, Alizon M (1987) Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature 326: 662–669
Harris JD, Scott JV, Traynor B, Brahic M, Strowring L, Ventura P, Haase AT, Peluso R (1981) Visna virus DNA: discovery of a novel gapped structure. Virology 113: 573–583
Kung HJ, Fung, YK, Majors JE, Varmus HE (1981) Synthesis of plus strands of retroviral DNA in cells infected with avian sarcoma virus and mouse mammary tumor virus. J Virol 37: 127–138
Kupiec J-J, Tobaly-Tapiero J, Canivet M, Santillana-Hayat M, Flgel RM, Pris J, Emanoil-Ravier R (1988) Evidence for a gapped linear duplex DNA intermediate in the replicative cycle of human and simian spumaviruses. Nucleic Acids Res 16: 9557–9565
Luo GX, Sharmeen L, Taylor J (1990) Specificities involved in the initiation of retroviral plus-strand DNA. J Virol 64: 592–597
Muesing MA, Smith DH, Cabradilla CD, Benton CV, Lasky LA, Capon DJ (1985) Nucleic acid structure and expression of the human AIDS/lymphoadenopathy retrovirus. Nature 313: 450–458
Omer CA, Resnick R, Faras AJ (1984) Evidence for involvement of an RNA primer in initiation of strong-stop plus DNA during reverse transcription in vitro. J Virol 50: 465–470
Ratner L, Haseltine W, Patarca R, Livak KJ, Starcich B, Josephs S, Doran ER, Rafalski JA, Whitehorn EA, Baumeister K, Ivanoff L, Petteway SR Jr, Pearson MR, Lautenberger JA, Papas TA, Ghrayeb J, Chang NT, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal W (1985) Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature 313: 277–284
Rattray AJ, Champoux JJ (1987) The role of Moloney murine leukemia virus RNase H activity in the formation of plus- strand primers. J Virol 61: 2843–2851
Resnick R, Omer CA, Faras AJ (1984) Involvement of retroviral reverse trancriptase-associated RNase H in the initiation of strong-stop (+) DNA synthesis and the generation of the long terminal repeat. J Virol 51: 813–821
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning — a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Smith JK, Cywinski A, Taylor JM (1984) Specificity of initiation of plus-strand DNA by Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol 52: 314–319
Sonigo P, Alizon M, Staskus K, Klatzmann D, Cole S, Danos O, Retzel E, Tiollais P, Haase A, Wain-Hobson S (1985) Nucleotide sequence of the Visna lentivirus: relationship to the AIDS virus. Cell 42: 369–382
Talbott RL, Sparger EE, Lovelace KM, Fitch WM, Pedersen NC, Luciw PA, Elder JH (1989) Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of feline immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 5743–5747
Taylor JM, Cywinsky A, Smith JK (1983) Discontinuities in the DNA synthesized by an avian retrovirus. J Virol 48: 654–659
Varmus HE, Swanstrom R (1982) Replication of retroviruses. In: Weiss R, Teich N, Varmus H, Coffin J (eds) RNA tumor viruses, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 369–512
Wain-Hobson S, Sonigo P, Danos O, Cole S, Alizon M (1985) Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, LAV. Cell 40: 9–17
Wiegand RC, Godson GN, Radding CM (1975) Specificity of the S1 nuclease from Aspergillus cryzae. J Biol Chem 250: 8848–8855
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hungnes, O., Tjotta, E. & Grinde, B. The plus strand is discontinuous in a subpopulation of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA. Archives of Virology 116, 133–141 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319237
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319237