Summary
Infection of BHK cells with western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus resulted in rapid inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. The rate of inhibition of DNA synthesis depended on the multiplicity of infection, and was closely related to virus replication. Cellular DNA synthesis was not inhibited in infected BHK cells that had been irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. These results indicated that a functional viral genome was required for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by WEE virus. The sharp decrease in thymidine incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction was not due to a change in the intracellular pool of the acid-soluble fraction. Sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose gradients was used to show that cellular DNA was not degraded during WEE virus infection. DNA polymerase activity in infected cells was not significantly reduced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aposhian, H. V., Kornberg, A.: Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. IX. The polymerase formed after T2 bacteriophage infection of Escherichia coli: A new enzyme. J. biol. Chem.237, 519–525 (1962).
Baril, E. F., Jenkins, M. D., Brown, O. E., Laszlo, J., Morris, H. P.: DNA polymerases I and II in regenerating rat liver and Morris hepatomas. Cancer Res.33, 1187–1193 (1973).
Chang, L. M. S., Bollum, F. J.: Variation of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activities during rat liver regeneration. J. biol. Chem.247, 7948–7950 (1972).
Chang, L. M. S., Brown, M., Bollum, F. J.: Induction of DNA polymerase in mouse L cells. J. mol. Biol.74, 1–8 (1973).
Ensminger, W. D., Tamm, I.: The step in cellular DNA synthesis blocked by Newcastle disease or mengovirus infection. Virology40, 152–165 (1970).
Franklin, R. M., Baltimore, D.: Patterns of macromolecular synthesis in normal and virus-infected mammalian cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.27, 175–198 (1962).
Friedman, R. M.: Protein synthesis directed by an arbovirus. J. Virol.2, 26–32 (1968).
Hand, R., Tamm, I.: Rate of DNA chain growth in mammalian cells infected with cytocidal RNA viruses. Virology47, 331–337 (1972).
Hashimoto, K., Suzuki, K., Simizu, B.: Morphological and physical properties of a multiploid-forming mutant of western equine encephalitis virus. J. Virol.15, 1454–1559 (1975).
Huang, A. S., Wagner, R. R.: Inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis by non-replicating vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.54, 1579–1584 (1965).
Huberman, J. A., Riggs, A. D.: On the mechanism of DNA replication in mammalian chromosomes. J. mol. Biol.32, 327–341 (1968).
Kohn, A., Fuchs, P.: Initial effects of viral infection in bacterial and animal host cells. Adv. Virus Res.18, 159–194 (1973).
Levy, H. B., Snellbaker, L. F., Baron, S.: Effect of RNA synthesis in Sindbis virus infected cells. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med.121, 630–632 (1966).
Lust, G.: Alterations of protein synthesis in arbovirus-infected L cells. J. Bacteriol.91, 1612–1617 (1966).
Marcus, P. I., Sekellick, M. J.: Cell killing by viruses 1. Comparison of cell-killing, plaque-forming, and defective-interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology57, 321–338 (1974).
Marcus, P. I., Sekellick, M. J.: Cell killing by viruses 11. Cell killing by vesicular stomatitis virus: a requirement for virion-derived transcription. Virology63, 179 to 190 (1975).
Mussgay, M., Enzmann, P. J., Horst, J.: Influence of an arbovirus infection (Sindbis virus) on the protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis of cultivated chick embryo cells. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.31, 81–92 (1970).
Pfefferkorn, E. R., Clifford, R. L.: The origin of the protein of Sindbis virus. Virology23, 217–223 (1964).
Pfefferkorn, E. R., Shapiro, D.: Reproduction of togaviruses. In:Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R. (eds.), Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 2, 171–230. New York-London: Plenum Press 1974.
Show, J. E., Cox, C.: Early inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by high multi-plicities of infectious and UV-inactivated reovirus. J. Virol.12, 704–710 (1973).
Simizu, B., Takayama, N.: Isolation of two plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus differing in virulence for mice. J. Virol.4, 799–800 (1969).
Simizu, B., Yamazaki, S., Suzuki, K., Terasima, T.: Gamma ray-induced small plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus. J. Virol.12, 1568–1578 (1973).
Simmons, D. T., Strauss, J. H.: Replication of Sindbis virus. V. Polyribosomes and mRNA in infected cells. J. Virol.14, 552–559 (1974).
Smets, L. A.: Discrepancies between precursor uptake and DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. J. Cell. Physiol.74, 63–66 (1969).
Spadari, S., Weissbach, A.: The interrelation between DNA synthesis and various DNA polymerase activities in synchronized HeLa cells. J. mol. Biol.86, 11–20 (1974).
Strauss, J. H., Jr., Burge, B. W., Darnell, J. E.: Sindbis virus infection of chick and hamster cells: Synthesis of virus-specific proteins. Virology37, 367–376 (1969).
Subasinghe, H. A., Loh, P. C.: Reovirus cytotoxicity: Some properties of the UV-irradiated reovirus and its capsid protein. Arch. ges. Virusforsch.39, 172–189 (1972).
Taylor, J.: Studies on the mechanism of action of interferon. 1. Interferon action and RNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with Semliki Forest virus. Virology25, 340–349 (1965).
Terasima, T.: Isolation of mammalian cell DNA: Damage by radiation and repair. Symp. Cell. Biol. (Text in Japanese)23, 25–34 (1972).
Wertz, G. W., Youngner, J. S.: Inhibition of protein synthesis in L cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. J. Virol.9, 85–89 (1972).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 4 Figures
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Simizu, B., Wagatsuma, M., Oya, A. et al. Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis in hamster kidney cells infected with western equine encephalitis virus. Archives of Virology 51, 251–261 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317929
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317929