Summary
The following changes of plasmodesmatal connections occur during the development of antheridia inChara vulgaris:
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1.
Disappearance of plasmodesmata between shield cells, and between the shield cells and basal cell, leading to a decline in symplasmic transport around an antheridium, and determining its concentric or centrifugal course via centrally situated capitular cells.
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2.
Structural changes of simple plasmodesmata into complex connections between capitular cells and a basal cell, and between capitular cells and manubria.
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3.
Plugging and unplugging of plasmodesmata. Unplugged plasmodesmata are present between synchronously developing cells. Plugged plasmodesmata link cells of the same type which are at different phases of the cell cycle, or cells of different types.
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Kwiatkowska, M., Maszewski, J. Changes in the occurrence and ultrastructure of plasmodesmata in antheridia ofChara vulgaris L. during different stages of spermatogenesis. Protoplasma 132, 179–188 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276998
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276998