Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Developmental SEM observations on an extracellular matrix in embryogenic calli ofDrosera rotundifolia andZea mays

  • Published:
Protoplasma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Primary embryogenic callus ofDrosera rotundifolia and long-term cultured embryogenic callus ofZea mays possess a conspicuous extracellular matrix (ECM) around and between embryogenic cells. The structural arrangement of ECM depends on the developmental stage of the embryogenic cells. Single embryoid cells were covered with, and connected by net-like material. However, surface cells of young globular embryoids were covered with a coherent layer of ECM which forms bridges with net-like material between the cells which was gradually reduced to coarse strands. When protodermis was formed on the surface of globular embryoids, the ECM disappeared completely. The ECM network was never observed on the surface of heart- and torpedo-shaped embryoids. Safranine (especially 0.1%) stabilized the structure of ECM. Digestion with pronase E and proteinase K indicated that the ECM contains proteinaceous components. Similar developmental patterns of ECM were observed in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous examples. The ECM represents a stable morphological structure even during long-term embryogenic culture in maize.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Dicamba:

3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid

ECM:

extracellular matrix

KIN:

kinetin

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

References

  • Arborgh B, Bell P, Brunk U, Collins VP (1976) The osmotic effects of glutaraldehyde during fixation. A transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cytochemical study. J Ultrastruct Res 56: 339–350

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ausprunk DH (1981) Proteoglycans in the microvasculature. Am J Pathol 103: 353–375

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen K, Wight TN (1984) Proteoglycans in arterial smooth muscle cell culture. J Histochem Cytochem 32: 347–357

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen AL (1974) Critical point drying. In: Hayat MA (ed) Principles and techniques of scanning electron microscopy. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 44–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois T, Guedira M, Dubois J, Vasseur J (1991) Direct somatic embryogenesis in leaves ofCichorium. A histological and SEM study of early stages. Protoplasma 162: 120–127

    Google Scholar 

  • —, Dubois J, Guedira M, Diop A, Vasseur J (1992) SEM characterization of an extracellular matrix around somatic proembryos in roots ofCichorium. Ann Bot 70: 119–124

    Google Scholar 

  • van Engelen FA, de Vries SC (1992) Extracellular proteins in plant embryogenesis. Trends Genet 8: 66–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jásik J, Salajová T, Salaj J (1995) Developmental anatomy and ultrastructure of early somatic embryos in european black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.). Protoplasma 185: 205–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Kachar B, Parakkal M, Frex J (1990) Structural basis for mechanical transduction in the frog vestibular sensory apparatus: I. The otolithic membrane. Hearing Res 45: 179–190

    Google Scholar 

  • McCann MC, Wells B, Roberts K (1990) Direct visualization of cross-links in the primary plant cell wall. J Cell Sci 96: 323–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiff RI, Gennaro JF (1979) The role of the buffer in the fixation of biological specimens for the transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning 2: 135–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Sondahl MR, Salisbury JL, Sharp WR (1979) SEM characterization of embryogenic tissue and globular embryos during high-frequency somatic embryogenesis in coffee callus cells. Z Pflanzenphysiol 94: 185–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterk P, Booij H, Schellekens GA, van Kammen A, de Vries SC (1991) Cell-specific expression of the carrot EP2 lipid transfer protein gene. Plant Cell 3: 907–921

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries SC, Booij H, Janssens R, Vogels R, Saris L, Loschiavo F, Terzi M, van Kammen A (1988) Carrot somatic embryogenesis depends on the phytohormone-controlled presence of correctly glycosylated extracellular proteins. Genes Dev 2: 462–476

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Comenius University, Mlyská dolina B-2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    J. Šamaj, M. Bobák, A. Blehová & J. Krištin

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava

    O. Auxtová-Šamajová

Authors
  1. J. Šamaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Bobák
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Blehová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Krištin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. O. Auxtová-Šamajová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Šamaj, J., Bobák, M., Blehová, A. et al. Developmental SEM observations on an extracellular matrix in embryogenic calli ofDrosera rotundifolia andZea mays . Protoplasma 186, 45–49 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276934

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276934

Keywords

Search

Navigation