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Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of Amba Dongar and adjacent areas, Deccan Igneous Province, Gujarat, India: 1. Geology, petrography and petrochemistry

Alkaligesteine und Karbonatite von Amba Dongar und Umgebung, Dekkan-Provinz, Gujarat, Indien: 1. Geologie, Petrographie und Gesteinschemie

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Summary

Rift-related, late Eocene (≈ 60 Ma) alkaline-carbonatitec intrusions cover ≈ 1200 km2 south of the town of Chhota Udaipur, and form a subprovince within the alkaline magmatism that accompanies the tholeiitic Deccan Traps. They were emplaced temporally between late Deccan Trap flows and late dykes of basalt and picritic basalt. The subprovince comprises five main geographic occurrences (sectors): (1)Amba Dongar: a ring-complex of Ca-Mg-Fe-carbonatites, nephelinites to tephriphonolites, and fluorite deposits; (2)Siriwasan-Dugdha: an intrusive complex of Ca—carbonatites, nephelinites and trachytic rocks; (3)Phenai Mata: a nepheline syenite plug and dykes, plus dykes of tephrites to phonolites and lamprophyres (intimately associated with a layered tholeiitic gabbro—granophyre intrusion); (4)Panwad-Kawant: dykes and plugs of lamprophyres and tephrites to phonolites; (5)Bakhatgarh-Phulmahal: late basic-ultrabasic dykes only. The alkaline rocks range from ultrasodic to ultrapotassic, but are mostly nonperalkaline. Silica-undersaturated examples show higher incompatible and LIL element contents (Rb, K, Nb, Zr, Sr, Ba, LREE, etc.) than the associated tholeiites. However, the late basic-ultrabasic dykes display an continuum of alkaline-tholeiitic compositions. Possible parent magmas are represented among the primitive undersaturated basic dykes (including lamprophyres). The trachytic rocks are subalkaline, and may be genetically related to a tholeiitic rather than alkaline parent magma.

Zusammenfassung

Alkalisch-karbonatitische Intrusionen aus dem Obereozän (≈60 Ma) erstrecken sich über 1200 km2 südlich der indischen Stadt Chhota Udaipur und bilden einen Teil des alkalischen Komplexes, der die tholeiitischen Deccan Traps begleitet. Die Gesteine wurden während eines Rifting Prozesses intrudiert und lagern stratigraphisch zwischen Deccan Trap Tholeiiten und basaltischen bzw. pikritischen Ganggesteinen. Das Gebiet läßt sich in fünf geographische Regionen unterteilen: (1) Amba Dongar: ein ringförmiger Komplex aus Ca-Mg-Fe-reichen Karbonatiten, Nepheliniten und Tephriphonoliten mit Fluorit-Lagerstätten; (2) Siriwasan-Dugdha: eine Ca-reiche Karbonatit-Intrusion mit Nepheliniten und Trachyten; (3) Phenai Mata: Eine Nephelin-syenitische Intrusion und begleitende Ganggesteine aus Tephriten, Phonoliten und Lamprophyren, die mit einer magmatisch geschichteten tholeiitischen Gabbro Intrusion vergesellschaftet sind; (4) Panwad-Kawant: Lamprophyrische Ganggesteine neben Tephriten und Phonoliten; (5) Bakhatgarh-Phulmahal: späte basisch bis ultrabasische Ganggesteine. Die alkalischen Gesteine besitzen eine ultrapotassische bis extrem Na-reiche Zusammensetzung, nur vereinzelte Proben weisen jedoch peralkalischen Charakter auf. Silizium-untersättigte (alkalische) Proben besitzen in der Regel höhere Konzentrationen an Mantel-inkompatiblen Elementen (z.B. LREE, Nb und Zr) und LILE (z.B. Rb, Sr und Ba) als die benachbarten Tholeiite. Die späten basisch bis ultrabasischen Ganggesteine stellen ein Kontinuum von alkalischer bis tholeiitischer Geochemie dar. Die “primitiven” Silizium-untersättigten Ganggesteine (und Lamprophyre) repräsentieren vermutlich die Ausgangssehmelzen; die “subalkalischen” Trachyte dürften in genetischem Zusammenhang mit den Tholeiiten stehen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Nagpur University, 440001, Nagpur, India

    L. G. Gwalani

  2. Key Centre for Strategic Mineral Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia

    N. M. S. Rock &  W. -J. Chang

  3. Departmento de Petrologia Y Geoquimica, Facultad Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    S. Fernandez

  4. Laboratoire de Geéchimie et Cosmochimie, Institut Physique du Globe de Paris, 4 Pláce Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France

    C. J. Allégre &  A. Prinzhofer

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Gwalani, L.G., Rock, N.M.S., Chang, W.J. et al. Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of Amba Dongar and adjacent areas, Deccan Igneous Province, Gujarat, India: 1. Geology, petrography and petrochemistry. Mineralogy and Petrology 47, 219–253 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01161569

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