Abstract
The effects of prior pheromonal experience upon the pheromone- mediated upwind flight response was examined in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Adult male G. molestawere subjected to a parallel series of staggered and repeated pheromonal exposures in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Levels of response to pheromone in male G. molestasignificantly decreased in a (a) rectilinear function with increased ages of individuals, (b) logarithmic function of successive trials, and (c) steeper logarithmic function of successive trials with increased dosage of sex pheromone. The baseline levels of responding were not affected by either the (a) dosage of sex pheromone, (b) posteclosion ages of individuals for their initial exposures once the main effect of age itself was estimated, (c) elapsed time in hours between trials, or (d) discrete days of testing as integral intervals, disregarding hours within days.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, T. C. (1984). Chemical control of behavior. In Kerkut, G. A., and Gilbert, L. I. (eds.),Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Baker, T. C. (1986). Phermone-modulated movements of flying moths. In Payne, T. L., Birch, M. C., and Kennedy, C. E. J. (eds.),Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Baker, T. C., and Cardé, R. T. (1979a). Analysis of pheromone-mediated behaviors in maleGrapholita molesta, the oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).Environ. Entomol. 8: 956–968.
Baker, T. C., and Cardé, R. T. (1979b). Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting periodicities of female calling and male sex pheromone response inGrapholita molesta (Busck).J. Insect Physiol. 25: 943–950.
Baker, T. C., and Haynes, K. F. (1987). Manoeuvres used by flying male oriental fruit moths to relocate a sex pheromone plume in an experimentally shifted wind-field.Physiol. Entomol. 12: 263–279.
Baker, T. C., Cardé, R. T., and Roelofs, W. L. (1976). Sex attractant responses of male Oriental fruit moths to a range of component ratios: Pheromone polymorphism?Experientia 33: 1406–1407.
Baker, T. C., Cardé, R. T., and Miller, J. R. (1980). Oriental fruit moth pheromone component emission rates measured after collection by glass-surface adsorption.J. Chem. Ecol. 6: 749–758.
Baker, T. C., Meyer, W., and Roelofs, W. L. (1981). Sex pheromone dosage and blend specificity by oriental fruit moth males.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 30: 260–279.
Baker, T. C., Willis, M. A., and Phelan, P. L. (1984). Optomotor anemotaxis polarizes self-steered zigzagging in flying moths.Physiol. Entomol. 9: 365–376.
Baker, T. C., Hansson, B. S., Lofstedt, C., and Lofqvist, J. (1988). Adaptation of antennal neurons in moths is associated with cessation of pheromone-mediated upwind flight.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 9826–9830.
Baker, T. C., Hansson, B. S., Lofstedt, C., and Lofqvist, J. (1989). Adaptation of male moth antennal neurons in a pheromone plume is associated with cessation of pheromone-mediated flight.Chem. Senses 14: 439–448.
Bartell, R. J., and Roelofs, W. L. (1973). Inhibition of sexual response in males of the mothArgyrotaenia velutinana by brief exposures to synthetic pheromone or its geometrical isomer.J. Insect Physiol. 19: 655–661.
Bartell, R. J., and Lawrence, L. A. (1973). Reduction in responsiveness of males ofEpiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera) to sex pheromone following previous brief pheromonal exposure.J. Insect Physiol. 19: 845–855.
Bartell, R. J., and Lawrence, L. A. (1976a). Reduction in responsiveness of male light-brown apple moths to sex pheromone following previous brief pheromonal exposure is concentration dependent.J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 15: 236.
Bartell, R. J., and Lawrence, L. A. (1976b). Reduction in responsiveness of males ofEpiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera) to sex pheromone following pulsed pheromonal exposure.Physiol. Entomol. 2: 1–6.
Bartell, R. J., and Lawrence, L. A. (1976c). Reduction in responsiveness of males ofEpiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera) to sex pheromone following pulsed pre-exposure to pheromone components.Physiol. Entomol. 2: 89–95.
Cardé, R. T. (1984). Chemo-orientation in flying insects. In Bell, W. J., and Cardé, R. T. (eds.),Chemical Ecology of Insects, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Cardé, R. T., and Baker, T. C. (1984). Sexual communication with pheromones. In Bell, W. J., and Cardé, R. T. (eds.),Chemical Ecology of Insects, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Cardé, R. T., Baker, T. C., and Roelofs, W. L. (1976). Sex attractant responses of male Oriental fruit moths to a range of component ratios: Pheromone polymorphism?Experientia 32: 1406–1407.
Cohen, J., and Cohen, P. (1983).Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Cook, T. D., and Campbell, D. T. (1979).Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues in Field Settings, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
David, C. T. (1986). Mechanisms of directional flight in wind. In Payne, T. L., Birch, M. C., and Kennedy, C. E. J. (eds.),Mechanisms in Insect Olfaction, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
David, C. T., Kennedy, J. S., and Ludlow, A. R. (1983). Finding of a sex pheromone source by Gypsy moths released in the field.Nature 303: 804–806.
Elkinton, J. S., Schal, C., Ono, T., and Cardé, R. T. (1987). Pheromone puff trajectory and upwind flight of male Gypsy moths in a forest.Physiol. Entomol. 12: 399–406.
Flint, H. M., and Merkle, J. R. (1984). The pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Alteration of male response to gossyplure by release of its component Z,Z-isomer.J. Econ. Entomol. 77: 1099–1104.
Kennedy, J. S., and Marsh, D. (1974). Pheromone-regulated anemotaxis in flying moths.Science 184: 999–1001.
Kuenen, L. P. S., and Baker, T. C. (1981). Habituation versus sensory adaptation as the cause of reduced attraction following pulsed and constant sex pheromone pre-exposure inTrichoplusiani.J. Insect Physiol. 27: 721–726.
Linn, C. E., Jr., and Roelofs, W. L. (1981). Modification of sex pheromone blend discrimination in male oriental fruit moths by pre-exposure to (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate.Physiol. Entomol. 6: 421–429.
Linn, C. E., Jr., and Roelofs, W. L. (1983). Effect of varying proportions of the alcohol component on sex pheromone blend discrimination in male oriental fruit moths.Physiol. Entomol. 8: 291–306.
Linn, C. E., Jr., Campbell, M. G., and Roelofs, W. L. (1988). Temperature modulation of behavioural thresholds controlling male moth sex pheromone response specificity.Physiol. Entomol. 13: 59–67.
Marsh, D., Kennedy, J. S., and Ludlow, A. R. (1978). An analysis of anemotactic zigzagging flight in male moths stimulated by pheromone.Physiol. Entomol. 3: 221–240.
Pedhazur, E. J. (1982).Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Prediction, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
Peeke, H. V. S., and Petrinovich, L. (1984). Approaches, constructs, and terminology for the study of response change in the intact organism. In Peeke, H. V. S., and Petrinovich, L. (eds.),Habituation, Sensitization and Behavior, Academic Press, New York.
Petrinovich, L. (1984). A two-factor dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization. In Peeke, H. V. S., and Petrinovich, L. (eds.),Habituation, Sensitization and Behavior, Academic Press, New York.
Petrinovich, L., and Widaman, K. F. (1984). An evaluation of statistical strategies to analyze repeated-measures data. In Peeke, H. V. S., and Petrinovich, L. (eds.),Habituation, Sensitization and Behavior, Academic Press, New York.
Sanders, C. J. (1985). Disruption of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), mating in a wind tunnel by synthetic pheromone: role of habituation.Can. Entomol. 117: 391–393.
SAS Institute (1985).SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Smith, B. H. (1991a). Olfactory memory in the honey bee,Apis mellifera. I. Odorant modulation of short- and intermediate-term memory after single trial conditioning.J. Exp. Biol. (in press).
Smith, B. H, (1991b). Olfactory memory in the honey bee,Apis mellifera. II. Second-order conditioning and mixture effects.J. Exp. Biol. (in preparation).
Winer, B. J., Brown, D. R., and Michels, K. M. (1991).Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, 3 ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Figueredo, A.J., Baker, T.C. Reduction of the response to sex pheromone in the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) following successive pheromonal exposures. J Insect Behav 5, 347–363 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049843
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049843