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A practical approach to crosslinking

  • Special Issue: Protein-Protein Interactions
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Abstract

The various aspects of chemical crosslinking are addressed. Crosslinker reactivity, specificity, spacer arm length and solubility characteristics are detailed. Considerations for choosing one of these crosslinkers for a particular application are given as well as reaction conditions and practical tips for use of each category of crosslinkers.

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Abbreviations

ABH:

azidobenzoyl hydrazide

ANB- NOS:

N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide

ASIB:

1-(p-azidosalicylamido)-4-(iodoacetamido)butane

ASBA:

4-(p-azidosalicylamido)butylamine

APDP:

N-[4-(p-azidosalicylamido) butyl]-3′(2′-pyridyldithio)propionamide

APG:

p-azidophenyl glyoxal monohydrate

BASED:

bis-[β-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl] disulfide

BMH:

bismaleimidohexane

BS3 :

bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate

BSOCOES:

bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone

DCC:

N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DFDNB:

1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

DMA:

dimethyl adipimidate·2HCl

DMP:

dimethyl pimelimidate·2HCl

DMS:

dimethyl suberimidate·2HCl

DPDPB:

1,4-di-(3′,2′-pyridyldithio)propionamido butane

DMF:

dimethylformamide

DMSO:

dimethylsulfoxide

DSG:

disuccinimidyl glutarate

DSP:

dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)

DSS:

disuccinimidyl suberate

DST:

disuccinimidyl tartarate

DTSSP:

3,3′-dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidylpropionate)

DTBP:

dimethyl 3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate·2HCl

EDC or EDAC:

1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodimide hydrochloride

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, dihydrate

EGS:

ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate)

GMBS:

N-γ-maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide ester

HSAB:

N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate

HEPES:

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid

MBS:

m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester

MES:

4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

NHS-ASA:

N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid

PMFS:

phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

PNP-DTP:

p-nitrophenyl-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate

SAED:

sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamide) ethyl-1,3′-dithiopropionate

SADP:

N-succinimdyl (4-azidophenyl)1,3′-dithiopropionate

SAND:

sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(m-azido-o-nitrobenzamido)-ethyl-1,3′-dithiopropionate

SANPAH:

N-succinimidyl-6(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenyl-amino)hexanoate

SASD:

sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3′-dithiopropionate

SATA:

N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate

SDBP:

N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-2,3-dibromopropionate

SIAB:

N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate

SMCC:

succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate

SMPB:

succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate

SMPT:

4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl-α-methyl-α-(2-pyridyldithio)-toluene

sulfo-BSOCOES:

bis[2-sulfosuccinimidooxycarbonyloxy) ethyl]sulfone

sulfo-DST:

disulfosuccinimidyl tartarate

sulfo-EGS:

ethylene glycolbis(sulfosuccinimidylsuccinate)

sulfo-GMBS:

N-γ-maleimidobutyryloxysulfosuccinimide ester

sulfo-MBS:

m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester

sulfo-SADP:

sulfosuccinimidyl(4-azidophenyldithio)propionate

sulfo-SAMCA:

sulfosuccinimidyl 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate

sulfo-SANPAH:

sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate

sulfo-SIAB:

sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate

sulfo-SMPB:

sulfo-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate

sulfo-SMCC:

sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate

SPDP:

N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical Assistance Department, Pierce Chemical Company, P.O. Box 117, 61105, Rockford, IL, USA

    G. Mattson, E. Conklin, S. Desai, G. Nielander, M. D. Savage & S. Morgensen

Authors
  1. G. Mattson
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  2. E. Conklin
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  3. S. Desai
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  4. G. Nielander
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  5. M. D. Savage
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  6. S. Morgensen
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Mattson, G., Conklin, E., Desai, S. et al. A practical approach to crosslinking. Mol Biol Rep 17, 167–183 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986726

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