Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The children of divorce parenting intervention: Outcome evaluation of an empirically based program

  • Published:
American Journal of Community Psychology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1978). The child behavior profile: I. Boys aged 6–11.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 478–489.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1979). The child behavior profile: II. Boys aged 12–16 and girls aged 6–11 and 12–16.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 223–233.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983).Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213–232.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1990). Invalidity of true experiments: Self-report pretest biases.Evaluation Review, 14, 374–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991).Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert-Gillis, L. J., Pedro-Carroll, J. L., & Cowen, E. L. (1989). The children of divorce intervention program: Development, implementation, and evaluation of a program for young urban children.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 583–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armistead, L., McCombs, A., Forehand, R., Wierson, M., Long, N., & Fauber, R. (1990). Coping with divorce: A study of young adolescents.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 79–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, D. V., & Skinner, M. L. (1989). Structural model for anti-social behavior: Generalization to single-mother families.Developmental Psychology, 25, 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, H., & Olson, D. H. (1982). Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. In D. H. Olson, H. I. McCubbin, H. Barnes, A. Larsen, M. Muxen, & M. Wilson (Eds.),Family Inventories, Inventories used in a National Survey of Family Life Cycle (pp. 33–48). St. Paul: Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1988). Practical issues in structural modeling. In J. S. Long (Ed.),Common problems/proper solutions: Avoiding error in quantitative research (pp. 161–192). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braver, S. L. (1989).Selection issues in children of divorce preventive intervention. Section of NIMH Grant MH39246 to establish The Center for the Prevention of Child and Family Stress at Arizona State University, Tempe.

  • Burbach, D. J., Farha, J. G., & Thorpe, J. S. (1986). Assessing depression in community samples of children using self-report inventories: Ethical considerations.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 579–589.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., Watt, N., West, S. G., Hawkins, D., Asarnow, J., Markman, H., Ramey, S., Shure, M., & Long, B. (in press). The science of prevention: A conceptual framework and some directions for a national research program.American Psychologist.

  • Cook, C. (1985).The Youth Self Report Hostility Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State University, Program for Prevention Research, Tempe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, T. D. (1985). Post-positivist critical multiplism. In L. Shotland & M. M. Mark (Eds.),Social science and social policy (pp. 21–62). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1993).The robustness of test statistics and goodness-of-fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. Manuscript submitted for publication, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. P., Shrout, P. E., Egri, G., & Mendelsohn, F. (1980). Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology.Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1229–1236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emery, R. E., & O'Leary, K. D. (1982). Children's perceptions of marital discord and behavior problems of boys and girls.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 11–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felner, R. D., Farber, S. S., & Primavera, J. (1983). Transitions and stressful life events: A model for primary prevention. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. N. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.)Preventive psychology: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Pergamon

    Google Scholar 

  • Felner, R. D., Rowlinson, R., & Terre, L. (1986). Unraveling the Gordian knot in life change events: A critical examination of crisis, stress, and transitional frameworks for prevention. In S. M. Auerbach & A. L. Stolberg (Eds.),Children's life crisis events: Preventive intervention strategies (pp. 39–63). New York: Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felner, R. D., Stolberg, A., & Cowen, E. L. (1975). Crisis events and school mental health referral patterns of young children.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 305–310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felner, R. D., Terre, L., & Rowlinson, R. T. (1988). A life transition framework for understanding marital dissolution and family reorganization. In S. A. Wolchik & P. Karoly (Eds.),Children of divorce: Empirical perspectives on adjustment (pp. 35–65). New York: Gardner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finch, A. J., Saylor, C. F., Edwards, G. L., & McIntosh, J. A. (1987). Children's Depression Inventory: Reliability over repeated administrations.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 339–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogas, B. S., Wolchik, S. A., & Braver, S. L. (1987, August)Parenting behavior and Psychopathology in children of divorce: Buffering effects. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New York.

  • Fogas, B. S., Wolchik, S. A., Braver, S. L., Freedom, D. S., & Bay, R. C. (1992). Beliefs about locus of control as a mediator of negative divorce-related events.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, 589–598.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., & McMahon, R. J. (1981).Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician's guide to parent teaching. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. (1991).Regression diagnostics. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funder, D. C., & West, S. G. (Eds.). (1993). Viewpoints on personality: Consensus, self-other agreement, and accuracy in judgments of personality [Special issue].Journal of Personality, 61(4).

  • Gersten, J., Beals, J., & Kallgren, K. (1991). Epidemiological and preventive interventions: Parental death in childhood as a case example.American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 481–500.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P. C. (1988). The role of divorce in the changing family structure: Trends and variations. In S. A. Wolchik & P. Karoly (Eds.),Children of Divorce: Empirical Perspectives on Adjustment. New York: Gardner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grych, J. H., & Finchman, F. F. (1992). Interventions for children of divorce: Toward greater integration of research and action.Psychological Bulletin, 111, 434–454.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guerney, B. G. (1977).Relationship enhancement: Skill-training programs for therapy, problem prevention, and enrichment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidubaldi, J., & Cleminshaw, H. (1983, August).Impact of family support system on children's academic and social functioning after parental divorce. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA.

  • Guidubaldi, J., Cleminshaw, H. K., Perry, J. D., & Mcloughlin, C. S. (1983). The impact of parental divorce on children: Report of the nationwide NASP study.School Psychology Review, 12, 300–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidubaldi, J., Cleminshaw, H. K., Perry, J. D., Nastas, B. K., & Lightel, J. (1986). The role of selected family environment factors in children's post-divorce adjustment.Family Relations, 35, 141–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E. M., Cox, M., & Cox, R. (1978). The aftermath of divorce. In J. H. Stevens, Jr. & M. Matthews (Eds.),Mother-child, father-child relations (pp. 149–176). Washington, DC: NAEYC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E. M., Cox, M., & Cox, R. (1981). Effects of divorce on parents and children. In M. Lamb (Ed.),Nontraditional families (pp. 233–288). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higginbotham, H. N., West, S. G., & Forsyth, D. R. (1988).Psychotherapy and behavior change: Social, cultural and methodological perspectives. New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., Kline, J., Stern, L., Cytryn, L., & McKnew, D. (1982). The development of a child assessment interview for research and clinical use.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 173–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huitema, B. (1980).The analysis of covariance and alternatives. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation.Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 307–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, E. W., James, S. A., Boyce, T., & Hartnett, S. A. (1983). The Family Routines Inventory: Development and validation.Social Science Medicine, 17, 201–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. O., & Neyman, J. (1936). Test of certain linear hypotheses and their applications to some educational problems.Statistical Research Memoirs, 1, 57–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981).Estimating the effects of social interventions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurs, S. G., & Glass, G. V. (1971). The effect of experimental mortality on the internal and external validity of the randomized comparative experiment.Journal of Experimental Education, 40, 62–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M. (1981). Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children.Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 46, 305–315.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M. (1985). The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995–999.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L. A., & Berg, B. (1987). Children's beliefs about parental divorce scale: Psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 712–718.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L. A., & Berg, B. (1983). Correlates of children's adjustment to their parents' divorce. In L. A. Kurdek (Ed.),New directions in child development: Children and divorce (pp. 47–60). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L. A., Blisk, D., & Siesky, A. E. Jr. (1981). Correlates of children's long-term adjustment to their parents' divorce.Developmental Psychology, 17, 565–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdek, L. A., & Sinclair, R. J. (1988). Relation of eighth graders' family structure, gender, and family environment with academic performance and school behavior.Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 90–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipsey, M. W. (1990). Theory as method: Small theories of treatments. In L. Sechrest, E. Perrin, & J. Bunker (Eds.),Research methodology: Strengthening causal interpretations of nonexperimental data (pp. 33–51) (DHHS Publication No. 90-3454). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobovits, D. A., & Handal, P. J. (1985). Childhood depression: Prevalence using DSM-III criteria and validity of parent and child depression scales.Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10, 45–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Long, N., Forehand, R., Fauber, R., & Brody, G. (1987). Self-perceived and independently observed competence of young adolescents as a function of parental marital conflict and recent divorce.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 15–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorion, R. P. (1985a). Environmental approaches to prevention: The dangers of imprecision.Prevention in Human Services, 4, 193–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorion, R. P. (1985b). Evaluating preventive interventions: Guidelines for the serious social change agent. In R. D. Felner, L. Jason, J. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.),Preventive Psychology: Theory, research, and practice in community intervention (pp. 252–272). New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorion, R. P., Price, R. H., & Eaton, W. W. (1989). The prevention of child and adolescent disorders: From theory to research. In D. Shaffer & I. Phillips (Eds.),Project prevention. Washington, DC: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazur, E., Wolchik, S. A., & Sandler, I. N. (1992). Negative cognitive errors and positive illusions for negative events: Predictors of children's psychological adjustment.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 523–541.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991). Treatment fidelity in outcome studies.Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 247–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moos, R. H. (1974).The social climate scales: An overview. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moos, R., & Moos, B. (1981).Family Environment Scale Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novaco, R. A. (1975).Anger control: The development and evaluation of an experimental treatment. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orne, M. (1962). On the social psychology of the psychological experiment.American Psychologist, 17, 776–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parish, T., & Wigle, S. (1985). A longitudinal study of the impact of divorce on adolescents' evaluation of self and parents.Adolescence, 20, 239–244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1975).Families: Applications of social learning to family life. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedro-Carroll, J. L., & Cowen, E. L. (1985). The children of divorce intervention project: An investigation of the efficacy of a school-based prevention program.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 603–611.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedro-Carroll, J. L., Cowen, E. L., Hightower, A. D., & Guare, J. C. (1986). Preventive intervention with latency-aged children of divorce: A replication study.American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 277–290.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pillow, D. R., Sandler, I., Braver, S., Wolchik, S., & Gersten, J. C. (1991). Theory-based screening for prevention: Focusing on mediating processes in children of divorce.American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 809–836.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, B., & O'Leary, K. D. (1980). Marital discord and childhood behavior problems.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 8, 287–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, R. H. (1982, February).Four domains of prevention research. Paper presented to the National Institute of Mental Health Conference on Prevention Research, Austin, TX.

  • Reynolds, C. R. (1982). Convergent and divergent validity of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.Educational and psychological Measurement, 42, 1205–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. R, & Richmond, B. O. (1978). What I think and feel: A revised measure of children's manifest anxiety.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6, 271–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roosa, M. W., & Beals, J. (1990). Measurement issues in family assessment: The case of the Family Environment Scale.Family Process, 29, 191–198.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I. N., Braver, S. L., Wolchik, S. A., Pillow, D. R., & Gersten, J. C. (1991). Small theory and the strategic choices of prevention research.American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 873–880.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I. N., Gersten, J. C., Reynolds, K., Kallgren, C., & Ramirez, R. (1988). Using theory and data to plan support interventions: Design of a program for bereaved children. In B. Gottleib (Ed.),Marshalling social support: Formats, processes, and effects (pp. 53–83). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I. N., & Guenther, R. R. (1985). Assessment of life stress events. In P. Karoly (Ed.),Measurement strategies in health psychology (pp. 555–600). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., & West, S. G. (in press). Coping, stress and the psychological symptoms of children of divorce: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Child Development.

  • Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., Braver S. L., & Fogas, B. S. (1991). Stability and quality of life events and psychological symptomatology in children of divorce.American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 501–520.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santrock, J. W., & Warshak, R. (1979). Father custody and social development in boys and girls.Journal of Social Issues, 35, 112–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saylor, C. F., Finch, A. J., Spirito, A., & Bennett, B. (1984). The Children's Depression Inventory: Systematic evaluation of psychometric properties.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 955–967.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children's report of parental behavior: An inventory.Child Development, 36, 413–424.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sechrest, L., West, S. G., Phillips, M. A., Redner, R., & Yeaton, W. (1979). Some neglected problems in evaluation research: Strength and integrity of treatments. In L. Sechrest and Associates (Eds.),Evaluation studies review annual (Vol. 4, pp. 15–35). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotatic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.),Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290–293). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobel, M. E. (1986). Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure models. In N. Tuma (Ed.),Sociological methodology 1986 (pp. 159–186). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolberg, A. L., & Anker, J. M. (1984). Cognitive and behavioral changes in children resulting from parental divorce and consequent environmental changes.Journal of Divorce, 7, 23–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolberg, A. L., & Bush, J. P. (1985). A path analysis of factors predicting children's divorce adjustment.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolberg, A. L., & Garrison, K. M. (1985). Evaluating a primary prevention program for children of divorce.American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 111–124.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, M., & West. S. G. (1993). Methodological review of intervention evaluations published inJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology and theAmerican Journal of Community Psychology 1987–1991. Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State University, Tempe.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. (1991). Monthly vital statistics report,39 (No. 12), Advance report of final divorce statistics 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, S. W. & Roberts, R. E. (1991). Measuring nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology.Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1239–1247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vital Statistics Report. (1987, December). National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,36 (No. 8, Suppl.).

  • Warren, N. J., Grew, R. S., Ilgen, E. L., Konanc, J. T., Bourgoondien, M. E., & Amara, I. A. (1984).Parenting after divorce: Preventive programs for divorcing families. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, DC.

  • West, S. G. (1990, August). Structural modeling of variables mediating symptomatology for children of divorce. In I. N. Sandler (Chair),Prevention research with children of divorce: Both theory and action. Symposium presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Boston, MA.

  • West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., & Todd, M. (in press). Probing the effects of individual components in multiple component prevention programs.American Journal of Community Psychology.

  • West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (in press). Measurement and analysis issues in the investigation of personality structure. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.),Handbook of personality research. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

  • West, S. G., Sandler, I., Pillow, D. R., Baca, L., & Gersten, J. C. (1991). The use of structural equation modeling in generative research: Toward the design of a preventive intervention for bereaved children.American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 459–480.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winer, B. J. (1971).Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolchik, S. A., Ramirez, R., Sandler, I. N., Fisher, J., Balls, P., & Brown, C. (1992). Inner-city poor children of divorce: Negative divorce-related events, problematic beliefs and adjustment problems.Journal of Divorce, 19, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolchik, S. A, Ruehlman, L. S., Braver, S. L, & Sandler, I. N. (1989). Social support of children of divorce: Direct and stress buffer effects.American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 485–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., Hightower, A. D., & Pedro-Carroll, J. L. (1985). Perceived competence, self-esteem, and anxiety in latency aged children of divorce.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 20–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeaton, W. H., & Sechrest, L. (1981). Critical dimensions in the choice and maintenance of successful treatments: Strength, integrity, and effectiveness.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 156–167.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zill, N. (1983).Happy, healthy, & insecure: A portrait of middle childhood in America. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 85287-1108, Tempe, Arizona

    Sharlene A. Wolchik, Stephen G. West, Susan Westover, Irwin N. Sandler, Art Martin, Julie Lustig, Jenn-Yun Tein & Jennifer Fisher

Authors
  1. Sharlene A. Wolchik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stephen G. West
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Susan Westover
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Irwin N. Sandler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Art Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Julie Lustig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jenn-Yun Tein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jennifer Fisher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Support for this research was provided by the National Institute of Mental Health grant P50MH39246. The authors thank Tim Ayers, Pamela Balls-Organista, Jan Beals, Bruce Fogas, Sandra L. Harris, Paul Miller, Lisa Plaza, and Philip Poirier for their contributions to the project. We also thank the mothers and children who participated.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wolchik, S.A., West, S.G., Westover, S. et al. The children of divorce parenting intervention: Outcome evaluation of an empirically based program. Am J Commun Psychol 21, 293–331 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941505

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941505

Keywords

Search

Navigation