This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression.Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53–63.
Belle, D. (1982). The stress of caring: Women as providers of social support. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.),Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects. New York: Free Press.
Blyth, D. A., Hill, J. P., & Thiel, K. S. (1982). Early adolescents' significant others: Grade and gender differences in perceived relationships with familial and nonfamilial adults and young people.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 11, 425–450.
Burke, R. J., & Weir, T. (1978). Differences in adolescent life stress, social support, and well-being.Journal of Psychology, 98, 277–288.
Cauce, A. M., Felner, R. D., & Primavera, J. (1982). Social support in high-risk adolescents: Structural components and adaptive impact.American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 417–428.
Chodorow, N. (1978).The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress.Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300–314.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983).Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin, 101, 1–11.
Compas, B. E., Wagner, B. M., Slavin, L. A., & Vannatta, K. (1986). A prospective study of life events, social support, and psychological symptomatology during the transition from high school to college.American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 241–257.
Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression.Psychiatry, 39, 28–40.
Dohrenwend, B. S., Dohrenwend, B. P., Dodson, M., & Shrout, P. E. (1984). Symptoms, hassles, social supports and life events: The problem of confounded measures.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 220–230.
Gilligan, C. (1982a).In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gilligan, C. (1982b). New maps of development: New visions of maturity.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 199–212.
House, J. S. (1981).Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
House, J. S., Kahn, R. L., McLeod, J. D., and Williams, D. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.),Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.
Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1984). Sex differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events.American Sociological Review, 49, 620–631.
Kessler, R. C., McLeod, J. D., & Wethington, E. (1985). The costs of caring: A perspective on the relationship between sex and psychological distress. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.),Social support: Theory, research and applications. The Hague: Martinus Nijhof.
Kovacs, M. (1981). Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children.Acta Paedopsychiatry, 46, 305–315.
Kovacs, M. (1983).The Children's Depression Inventory: A self-rated depression scale for school-aged youngsters. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Larzelere, R. E., & Mulaik, S. A. (1977). Single sample tests for many correlations.Psychological Bulletin, 84, 557–569.
Leavy, R. L. (1983). Social support and psychological disorder: A review.Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 3–21.
Lyons, N. (1983). Two perspectives on self, relationships and morality.Harvard Educational Review, 53, 125–145.
Monroe, S. M., & Steiner, S. C. (1986). Social support and psychopathology: Interactions with preexisting disorder, stress and personality.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 29–39.
Procidano, M. E., & Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies.American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1–24.
Rosario, M., Shinn, M., Morch, H., & Huckabee, C. B. (1988). Gender differences in coping and social supports: Testing socialization and role constraint theories.Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 55–69.
Slavin, L. A. (in press). Validation studies of the PEPSS, a measure of social support for use with adolescents.Journal of Adolescent Research.
Slavin, L. A., & Compas, B. E. (1989). The problem of confunding social support and depressive symptoms: A brief report on a college sample.American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 57–66.
Soloman, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1986). Stress, coping and social support in women,Behavior Therapist, 9, 199–204.
Tardy, C. H. (1985). Social support measurement.American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 187–202.
Thoits, P. A. (1982). Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 145–159.
Vaux, A. (1985). Variations in social support associated with gender, ethnicity, and age,Journal of Social Issues, 41, 89–110.
Younis, J., & Smollar, J. (1985).Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Slavin, L.A., Rainer, K.L. Gender differences in emotional support and depressive symptoms among adolescents: A prospective analysis. Am J Commun Psychol 18, 407–421 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00938115
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00938115