Skip to main content
Log in

Natural mentors: An overlooked resource in the social networks of young, African American mothers

  • Articles
  • Published:
American Journal of Community Psychology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Abidin, R. R. (1983).Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Charlottesville, VA: Institute of Clinical Psychology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abidin, R. R. (1986).Parenting Stress Index—Manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.),Social network and social support. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belle, D. (1981).The social network as a source of both stress and support to low-income mothers. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston.

  • Belle, D. (1982). Social ties and social support. In D. Belle (Ed.),Lives in stress (pp. 121–143). Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boone, M. S. (1985). Social and cultural factors in the etiology of low birth weight among disadvantaged Blacks.Social Science and Medicine, 20, 1001–1011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H., Adams, R., & Kellam, S. (1981). A longitudinal study of teenage motherhood and symptoms of distress: The Woodlawn community epidemiology project. In R. G. Simmons (Ed.),Research in community mental health. New York: JAI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colletta, N. D. (1981). Social support and the risk of maternal rejection by adolescent mothers.Journal of Psychology, 109, 191–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (1987). The meaning of motherhood in black culture and black mother/daughter relationship.Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women, 4, 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowen, E. L., & Work, W. (1988). Resilient children, psychological wellness, and primary prevention.American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 591–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crockenberg, S. (1981). Infant irritability, mother responsiveness, and social support influences on the security of infant-mother attachment.Child Development, 52, 209–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crockenberg, S. (1987). Support for adolescent mothers during the postnatal period: Theory and research. In Z. Boukydis (Ed.),Research on support for parents and infants in the postnatal period (pp. 14–34). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. R. (1983).SCL-90: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual-I for the R version. Baltimore, MD: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckenrode, J., & Gore, S. (1981). Stressful events and social supports: The significance of context. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.),Social networks and social support (pp. 43–68). Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiore, J., Becker, J., & Coppel, D. (1983). Social network interactions: A buffer or a stress?American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 423–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furstenberg, F. F. (1980). Burdens and benefits: The impact of early childbearing on the family.Journal of Social Issues, 36, 64–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galbo, J. J. (1986). Adolescents' perceptions of significant adults: Implications for the family, the school, and youth serving agencies.Children and Youth Services Review, 8, 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., & Crouter, N. (1978). Defining the community context for child maltreatment.Child Development, 49, 604–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress resistant children: The search for protective factors. In J. E. Stevenson (Ed.),Recent research in developmental psychopathology (pp. 213–233). Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1987, October). Thriving despite hardship: Key childhood traits identified.The New York Times, p. C1, 11.

  • Heller, K., Thompson, M. T., Trueba, P. E., Hogg, J. R., & Vlachos-Weber, I. (1991). Peer support dyads for elderly women: Was this the wrong intervention?American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 53–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, S., Duncan-Jones, P., McAuley, H., & Ritchie, K. (1978). The patients's primary group.British Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 74–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, R. (1971).The strengths of black families. New York: National Urban League.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, B. J., & Rapkin, B. (1986). Social networks and adult social identities: Profiles and correlates of support and rejection.American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 395–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, G., & Lewis, J. (1981).Common differences: Conflicts in black and white feminist perspectives. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, D., Darrow, C., Klein, E., Levinson, M., & McKee, B. (1978).The seasons of a man's life. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindblad-Goldberg, M., & Dukes, J. L. (1985). Social support in black, low-income, single-parent families: Normative and dysfunctional patterns.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 42–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development.Child Development, 61, 311–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panzarine, S. (1986). Stressors, coping, and social supports of adolescent mothers.Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7, 153–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L., & Johnson, J. (1977). Marital status, life-strains, and depression.American Sociological Review, 42, 704–715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process.Journal of Health and Social Behaviors, 22, 337–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, J. E., & Jason, L. A. (1990). A social stress model of substance abuse.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 395–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 483–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rook, K. S. (1990). Parallels in the study of social support and social strain.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 118–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, I. G., Johnson, J. H., & Siegel, J. M. (1979). Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.),Stress and anxiety. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stack, C. B. (1974).All our kin. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troester, R. (1984). Turbulence and tenderness: Mothers, daughters and “othermothers.”Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women, 1, 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, C. (1978). Parental perceptions of child rearing problems.Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 8, 145–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unger, D. G., & Wandersman, L. P. (1985). Social support and adolescent mothers: Action research contributions to theory and application.Journal of Social Issues, 41(1), 29–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaux, A. (1988).Social support: Theory, research, and intervention. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellman, B. (1981). Applying network analysis to the study of support. In B. H. Gottlieb (Ed.),Social networks and social support (pp. 171–200). Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E., & Smith, S. (1982).Vulnerable but invincible: A study of resilient children. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W. J. (1987).The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rhodes, J.E., Ebert, L. & Fischer, K. Natural mentors: An overlooked resource in the social networks of young, African American mothers. Am J Commun Psychol 20, 445–461 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937754

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937754

Keywords

Navigation