Skip to main content
Log in

The depth resolution of sputter profiling

  • Contributed Papers
  • Published:
Applied physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is shown that the bulk radiation damage accompanying sputtering events sets ultimate limits to the depth resolution attainable in sputter profiling. These limits have been reached in a few cases but most published experimental resolutions are dominated either by instrumental effects or deterioration of depth resolution caused by surface-topography changes. The radiation-damage induced mixing is called “cascade mixing”. Guidelines for selection of projectile species and energies to minimize such mixing are given and numerical estimates for attainable depth resolutions are presented. Finally, the influence of cascade mixing is assessed relative to that of recoil implantation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. HLutz, R.Sizmann: Phys. Lett.5, 113 (1963), see also T.F.Fisher, C.E.Weber. J. Appl. Phys.23, 181 (1952)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J.L.Whitton: InPhysics of Ionized Gases 1972, ed. by M. V.Kurepa (The Institute of Physics Beograd 1972), p. 283

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.W.Coburn: J. Vac. Sci. Technol.13, 1037 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H.H.Andersen: InPhysics of Ionized Gases 1974, ed. by V. Vujnović (Institute of Physics, Zagreb 1974), p. 361

    Google Scholar 

  5. H.Liebl: J. Vac. Sci. Technol.12, 385 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. K.Wittmaack: Appl. Phys.12, 149 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. H.Liebl.: InSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, ed. by K. F. J. Heinrich and D. E. Newbury, NBS Publ. No. 427. Washington, D. C. (1975) p. 15

  8. B.Navinćek: Prog. Surf. Sci.7, 49 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. W.O.Hofer, H.Liebl: Appl. Phys.8, 359 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.Hoffmann: Appl. Phys.9, 59 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.Hoffmann: Appl. Phys.13, 205 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. K.Wittmaack, F.Schulz: Thin Solid Films52, 259 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Z.L.Liau, W.L.Brown, R.Homer, J.M.Poate, Appl. Phys. Lett.30, 626 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. P.S.Ho, J.E.Lewis, H.S.Wildman, J.K.Howard: Surf. Sci.57, 393 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. R.Kelly, J.B.Sanders: Surf. Sci.57, 143 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Sigmund. Phys. Rev.184, 383 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. K.B. Winterbon, P.Sigmund, J.B.Sanders: K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Mat.-Fys. Medd.37, No. 14 (1970)

  18. P.Sigmund: Rev. Roumaine Phys.17, 823, 969, and 1079 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  19. U. Littmark, W.O.Hofer: (private communications)

  20. T.Ishitani, RShimizu: Appl. Phys.6, 241 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P.K.Haff, Z.E.Switkowski: J. Appl. Phys.48, 3383 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. K.A.Gschneider: Solid State Phys.16, 275 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  23. H.H.Andersen, H.L.Bay: to be published

  24. H.H.Andersen, H.L.Bay: J. Appl. Phys.46, 2416 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.Sosin, W.Bauer, Stud. Radiat. Eff. Solids3, 155 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  26. P.Vajda, Rev. Mod. Phys.49, 481 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. H.Schiøtt, P.V.Thomsen: Radiat. Eff.14, 39 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  28. V.S.Vavilov, A.E.Kiv, O.R.Niyazova, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)32, 12 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. W.Schilling, K.Sonnenberg: J. Phys. F (Metal Phys.)3, 322 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. G.Slodzian: InSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, ed. by K.F.J. Heinrich and D.E. Newbury, NBS Publ. No. 427, Washington, D. C. (1975) p. 61

  31. J.A.McHugh: Radial. Eff.21, 209 (1974)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. F.Schulz, K.Wittmaack, J.Maul: Radiat. Eff.18, 211 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  33. W.L.Harrington, R.E.Honig, A.M.Goodman, R.Wiliams: Apply. Phys. Lett.27, 644 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. H.S.Mathieu, D.E.McClure, D.Landolt: Thin Solid Films38, 281 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R.Ludeke, L.Esaki, L.L.Chang: Appl. Phys. Lett.24, 417 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. T.Ishitani, R.Shimizu, H.Tamura: Appl. Phys.6, 277 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. P.J.Martin, W.O.Hofer: Appl: Phys. (in press)

  38. K.Wittmaack:Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis, Boston, Mass. (Aug. 1977) to be published

  39. S.Hoffman, J.Erlewein, A.Zalar: Thin Solid Films43, 275 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. P.A.Büger, F.Blum, J.H.Schilling: Z. Naturforschg.32a, 144 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  41. K.B.Winterbon:Ion Implantation Range and Energy Deposition Distributions, Vol. 2 (Plenum Press, New York 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  42. B.Blanchard, J.L.Combasson, J.C.Bourgoin: Appl. Phys. Lett.28, 7 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. C.M.Garner, Y.DShen, J.S.Kim, G.L.Pearson, J.S.Harris, Jr., D.D.Edwall: J. Appl. Phys.48, 3147 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. T.Hirao, K.Inoue, S.Takayanagi, Y.Yaegashi: Appl. Phys. Lett.31, 505 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. K.Wittmaack, F.Schulz, B.Hietel: InIon Implantation in Semiconductors, ed. by S.Namba (Plenum Press, New York 1975), p. 193

    Google Scholar 

  46. H.Ryssel, H.Kranz, K.Müller, R.A.Henkelmann, J.Biersack: Appl. Phys. Lett.30, 399 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Table references

  1. D.T.Eggen: NAA-SR-69 (1950) (unpublished)

  2. T.Iwata, T.Nihara: Phys. Lett.23, 631 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.C.Bourgoin, B.Massarani: Phys. Rev. B14, 3690 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. G.W.Iseler, H.I.Dawson, A.SMehner, J.W.Kauffmann: Phys. Rev.146, 468 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. H.H.Neely, W.Bauer: Phys. Rev.149, 535 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. H.M.Simpson, R.L.Chaplin: Phys. Rev.185, 958 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. T.N.O'Neal, R.L.Chaplin: Phys. Rev. B5, 3810 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. V.S.Vavilov, V.M.Patskevich, B.Ya.Yurkov, P.Ya.Glazunov: Fiz. Tverd. Tela2, 1431 (1960) [Engl. transl. Sov. Phys. Solid State2, 1301 (1961)]

    Google Scholar 

  9. R.L.Novak: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.8, 235 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  10. P.C.Banbury, J.N.Lomer, E.W.J.Mitchell: InSolid State Physics Research with Accelerators, ed. by A. N. Goland, BNL 50083 (1968) p. 304

  11. C.G.Shirley, R.L.Chaplin: Phys. Rev. B5, 2027 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.G.Miller, R.L.Chaplin: Radiat. Eff.22, 107 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  13. R.L.Chaplin, K.Sonnenberg, R.R.Coltman, Jr.: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.19, 1106 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  14. E.A.Kenik, T.E.Mitchell, Phil. Mag.32, 815 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.N.Lomer, M.Pepper, Phil. Mag.16, 1119 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  16. F.Maury, M.Biget, P.Vajda A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Phys. Rev A14, 5303 (1976)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.Biget, P.Vajda, F.Maury, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: InFundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, ed. by M. T. Robinson and F.W.Young, ERDA-CONF-751006 (1975)

  18. M.Gibét, F.Maury, P.Vajda, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Phys. Rev. B(1978)

  19. L.M.Howe: Phil. Mag.22, 965 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  20. F.Maury, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Radiat. Eff.21, 65 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A.Bourret: Phys. Status Solidi (a)4, 813 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. T.E. Mitchell, G.Das, A.E.Kenik: InFundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals ed. by M. T. Robinson and F. W. Young, ERDA-CONF-751006 (1975)

  23. P.G.Lucasson, R.M.Walker: Phys. Rev.127, 485 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. W.Bauer, A.Sosin: J. Appl. Phys.37, 1780 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. P.Jung, R.L.Chaplin, H.J.Fenzl, K.Reichel, P.Wombacher: Phys. Rev. B8, 553 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. FMann, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Cryst. Latt. Defect2, 47 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.Myhra, R.B.Gardiner: Radiat. Eff.27, 35 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.L.Brown, W.M.Augustyniak: J. Appl. Phys.,30, 1300 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.Chen, J.W.MacKay: Phys. Rev.167, 828 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. L.S.Smirnov, P.A.Glazunov: Fiz. Tverd. Tela1, 1376 (1959) [Engl. transl. Soy. Phys. Solid State1, 1262 (1960)]

    Google Scholar 

  31. H.HNeely: Radiat. Eff.3, 189 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  32. M.Biget, P.Maury, P.Vajda, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Radiat. Eff.7, 223 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  33. M.Biget, P.Vajda, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Radiat. Eff.21, 229 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  34. P.Jung, G.Lucki: Radiat. Eff.26, 99 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  35. G.Youngblood, S.Myhra, J.W.deFord: Phys. Rev.188, 1101 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. L.F.Lowe, C.M.Jimenez, E.A.Burke, C.A.Sherman: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.10, 1094 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  37. A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: J. Phys. Chem. Solids27, 1423 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. C.M.Jimenez, L.F.Lowe, E.A.Burke, C.A.S.Sherman: Phys. Rev.153, 735 (1967).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. C.G.Roberts, W.P.Rickey, P.E.Shearin: J. Appl. Phys.37, 4515 (1966)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. R.Rizk, P.Vajda, F.Maury, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: J. Appl. Phys.48, 481 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. D.N.Borton, A.E.Mardiguian, H.B.Huntington, G.L.Salinger: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.19, 257 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  42. S.Myhra, R.B.Gardiner: Phys. Lett.39A, 405 (1972)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J.McIlwain, A.Gardiner, A.Sosin, S.Myhra: Radiat Eff.24, 19 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  44. J.N.Daon, J.EBonnet, P.Vajda, M.Biget, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: Phys. Status Solidi (b)40, 101 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. P.Jung, W.Schilling: Phys. Rev. B5, 2046 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. H.H.Neely, D.W.Keefer, A.Sosin: Phys. Status Solidi28, 675 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  47. P.Vajda, M.Biget, A.Lucasson, P.Lucasson: J. Phys. F (Metal Phys.)7, L123 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. H.Vandenborre, L.Stals, J.Cornelis, J.Nihoul: Radiat. Eff.21, 137 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  49. W.Bauer, W.F.Goeppinger: Phys. Rev.154, 584 (1967)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. E.A.Burke, C.M.Jimenez, L.F.Lowe: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.9, 655 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  51. W.Bauer, A.I.Andermann, A.Sosin: Phys. Rev.,185, 870 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. R.C.Birtcher, J.S.Koehler: Phys. Rev. B13, 2314 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M.W.Guinan, C.L.Snead, A.N.Goland: Radiat. Eff.20, 33 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Andersen, H.H. The depth resolution of sputter profiling. Appl. Phys. 18, 131–140 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00934407

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00934407

PACS

Navigation