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Long-range seasonal rainfall forecast for Zimbabwe and its relation with El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Summary

This investigation shows a fairly definite connection between the mean seasonal rainfall in a rainy season and the ground minimum temperature in the preceding two winter seasons in Zimbabwe. The latter is considered to represent the intensity of the “over land high” over Botswana and the corresponding degree of cooling of the subcontinent during the winter season. This “over land high” is related to the east-west overturning Walker Circulation. This relationship emphasizes that the rainfall variability over Zimbabwe is strongly linked to the ENSO phenomenon.

The study brings out an empirical relationship between these two factors from which the mean seasonal rainfall over Zimbabwe can be predicted three months before the start of the rainy season. These approaches have been examined against independent data covering a period of 20 years and the results were very encouraging.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Untersuchung zeigt einen ziemlich deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen dem durchschnittlichen Niederschlag während der Regenzeit und den Bodentemperatur-Minima während der beiden vorhergehenden Winter in Zimbabwe. Letztere Daten sollen die Intensität des „Land-Hochs“ über Botswana repräsentieren und somit das Ausmaß der Abkühlung des Subkontinents während des Winters zeigen. Dieses „Land-Hoch“ steht in Zusammenhang mit der auf Ost—West umschlagenden Walker-Zirkulation. Dies macht deutlich, daß zwischen der Niederschlags-Variabilität über Zimbabwe und dem ENSO-Phänomen ein enger Zusammenhang besteht.

Die vorliegende Studie weist einen empirischen Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Faktoren nach, wodurch eine Vorhersage des durchschnittlichen Niederschlags über Zimbabwe bereits drei Monate vor Beginn der Regenzeit möglich wird. Die genannten Ansätze wurden mit einem unabhängigen Datensatz von 20 Jahren überprüft und durch das Ergebnis in ermutigender Weise bestätigt.

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References

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Ismail, S.A. Long-range seasonal rainfall forecast for Zimbabwe and its relation with El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Theor Appl Climatol 38, 93–102 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868422

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00868422

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