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Ganglioside changes in the chicken optic lobes and cerebrum during embryonic development

Transient occurrence of “novel” multisialo-gangliosides

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Summary

The developmental profiles of 15 different gangliosides of the optic lobes and cerebrum of the chicken were followed from the 6 th day of incubation to hatching and correlated to morphological development. Five of these gangliosides appearing in both structures between the sixth and tenth day, have not been reported previously in higher vertebrates. Three chromatographed on TLC-plates similarly to GT3, GT2, and GT1c gangliosides, which have been demonstrated in fish brain. One fraction moved just below GQ1b and is suggested, to contain GQ1c. These “novel” gangliosides, which are possibly related to a recently proposed separate and probably phylogenetically older biosynthetic pathway, contained up to 20% of total ganglioside sialic acid. The fifth “novel” fraction, containing up to 16% of total ganglioside-sialic acid, moved below the penta-sialoganglioside GP1 and is suggested to contain hexa-sialogangliosides.

There were two main changes in ganglioside synthesis, which were identical in both structures.

The first occurred from the sixth to the eleventh day, parallel to decreased proliferation, maximal cell migration and neuroblast differentiation, GD3 and GD2 decreased rapidly in favour of GQ1b, GP1, and to the “novel” fractions, described above.

The second occurred from the eleventh to the eighteenth day, parallel to increased growth and arborization of dendrites and axons as well as functional establishment of synaptic contacts, there was a sharp rise in the amount of GD1b, GT1b, and GD1a. Concomitantly the “novel” gangliosides decreased. At hatching GD1a was the predominant ganglioside. GM3, GM2, and GM1 were always minor fractions, each accounting for less than 4% of total ganglioside-sialic acid. GM4 was never detected, indicating neglegible myelinisation until hatching.

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Abbreviations

NeuAc:

N-Acetylneuraminic acid

GM4 :

I3NeuAc-GalCer

GM3 :

II3NeuAc-LacCer

GM2 :

II3NeuAc-GgOse3Cer

GM1 :

II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer

GD3 :

II3(NeuAc)2LacCer

GD1a :

IV3NeuAc, II3NeuAc GgOse4Cer

GT3 :

II3 (NeuAc)3LacCer

GD2 :

II3(NeuAc)2GgOse3Cer

GD1b :

II3(NeuAc)2GgOse3Cer

GD1b :

II3(NeuAc)2GgOse4Cer

GT2 :

II3(NeuAc)3GgOse3Cer

GT1b :

IV3NeuAc, II3(NeuAc)2GgOse4Cer

GT1c :

II3(NeuAc)3GgOse4Cer

GQ1b :

IV3(NeuAc)2 II3(NeuAc)2GgOse4Cer

GQ1c :

IV3NeuAc, II3(NeuAc)3GgOse4Cer

GP1 :

IV3(NeuAc)2, II3(NeuAc)3GgOse4Cer

G“H”(?) :

IV3(NeuAc)3, II3(NeuAc)3GgOse4Cer

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  1. Zoological Institute of the University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, D-7000, Stuttgart 70, Germany

    Harald Rösner

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Rösner, H. Ganglioside changes in the chicken optic lobes and cerebrum during embryonic development. Wilhelm Roux' Archiv 188, 205–213 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849050

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