Seasonal control of energy requirements for thermoregulation in the djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), living in natural photoperiod

Summary

Djungarian dwarf hamsters,Phodopus s. sungorus, were kept in natural photoperiodic conditions throughout the year, either inside at a constantT _a of 23°C or outside subjected to seasonally varyingT _a. Comparisons were made between hamsters from both conditions to evaluate the significance of seasonal changes in photoperiod and/orT _a as environmental cues for seasonal acclimatization inPhodopus. Basal metabolic rate was lowest in July (1.68 ml/g·h) and highest in January (2.06 ml/g·h inPhodopus living outside), combined with a decrease inT _1c from 26°C in July to 20°C in January. This was parallelled by seasonal changes in body weight (summer 42 g, winter 25g), fur colouration, fur depth and the occurrence of short daily torpor.

AtT _a below thermoneutrality total energy requirements for thermoregulation in winter acclimatizedPhodopus were found 36% lower than summer values (e.g. at O°CT _a in summer 1,160 mW, in winter 760 mW), which were effected by a combined strategy of reducing body weight (19%) together with improvements of thermal insulation of the body surface (17%). All seasonal changes were similar inPhodopus living inside or outside, suggesting that seasonal changes in photoperiod and not seasonal changes inT _a is the overriding controller for the environmental cueing of seasonality in energy requirements for thermoregulation.