Summary
The blood oxygen binding properties of rainbow trout responded to environmental hypoxia (the oxygen saturation of water 30% at 11°C) in three ways. The quickest response was a moderate acidosis, leading to slightly lowered blood oxygen loading due to the Bohr effect. The second response, an increase of blood oxygen carrying capacity, was completed with 6 h from the onset of hypoxia. The speed of the response suggests that the formation of new haemoglobin played no practical role, the increase being caused either by a decrease of plasma volume or the liberation of erythrocytes from a storage organ. The slowest response, a 25% increase of the blood oxygen affinity within a week of hypoxia, was probably caused by the concurrent decrease of the erythrocyte ATP concentration from 4.45 to 2.51 μmol/ml erythrocytes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dejours, P.: Problems of control of breathing in fishes. In: Comparative physiology, locomotion, respiration, transport and blood. Bolis, L., Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Maddrell, S.H.P. (eds.), pp. 117–133. Amsterdam and New York: North-Holland/American Elsevier 1973
Eddy, F.B.: Blood gas relationships in the rainbow troutSalmogairdneri. J. Exp. Biol.55, 695–711 (1971)
Edwards, M.J., Martin, R.J.: Mixing technique for the oxygenhemoglobin equilibrium and Bohr-effect. J. Appl. Physiol.21, 1898–1902 (1966)
Gillen, R.G., Riggs, A.: The enhancement of the alkaline Bohreffect of some fish hemoglobins with adenosine triphosphate. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.183, 678–685 (1977)
Greaney, G.S., Powers, D.A.: Allosteric modifiers of fish hemoglobins: in vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of ambient oxygen and pH on erythrocyte ATP concentrations. J. Exp. Zool.203, 339–350 (1978)
Hevesy, G., Lockner, D., Sletten, K.: Iron metabolism and erythrocyte formation in fish. Acta Physiol. Scand.60, 256–266 (1964)
Holeton, G.F., Randall, D. J.: The effect of hypoxia upon the partial pressure of gases in the blood and water afferent and efferent to the gills of rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol.46, 317–327 (1967)
Janssen, R.G., Randall, D.J.: The effects of changes in the pH and the\(P_{CO_2 } \) in blood and water on breathing in rainbow trout. Respir. Physiol.25, 235–245 (1975)
Johnsen, K., Hanson, D.: Hepatic vein sphincters in elasmobranchs and their significance in controlling hepatic blood flow. J. Exp. Biol.46, 195–203 (1967)
Johansen, K., Weber, R.E.: On the adaptability of haemoglobin function to environmental conditions. In: Perspectives in experimental biology, Vol. 1. Spencer Davies, P. (ed) Oxford: Pergamon 1976
Kono, M., Hashimoto, K.: Organic phosphates in the erythrocytes of fishes. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish.43, 1307–1312 (1977)
Lane, H.C.: Some haematological responses of normal and splenectomized rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri to a 12% blood loss. J. Fish Biol.14, 159–164 (1979)
Lykkeboe, G., Johansen, K., Maloiy, G.M.O.: Functional properties of hemoglobins in the teleostTilapia grahami. J. Comp. Physiol.104, 1–11 (1975)
Lykkeboe, G., Weber, R.E.: Changes in the respiratory properties of the blood in the carp,Cyprinus carpio, induced by diurnal variation in ambient oxygen tension. J. Comp. Physiol.128, 117–125 (1978)
Marvin, D.E., Heath, A.G.: Cardiac and respiratory responses to gradual hypoxia in three ecologically distinct, species of freshwater fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.27, 349–355 (1968)
Mount, D.I.: Development of a system for controlling dissolved oxygen content of water. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.90, 323–327 (1961)
Nikinmaa, M., Soivio, A.: The blood oxygen dissociation curves and oxygen capacities of a freshwater teleost,Salmo gairdneri. Ann. Zool. Fennici (in press) (1979)
Peterson, A.J., Poluhowich, J.J.: The effects of organic phosphates on the oxygenation behavior of eel multiple hemoglobins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.55A, 351–354 (1976)
Smith, L.S.: Blood volumes of three salmonids. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can.23, 1439–1446 (1966)
Soivio, A., Hughes, G.M.: Circulatory changes in secondary lamellae ofSalmo gairdneri gills in hypoxia and anaesthesia. Ann. Zool. Fennici15, 221–225 (1978)
Soivio, A., Westman, K., Nyholm, K.: Improved method of dorsal aorta catheterization: Haematological effects followed for three weeks in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Finn. Fish. Res.1, 11–21 (1972)
Soivio, A., Westman, K., Nyholm, K.: Changes in the haematocrit values in blood samples treated with and without oxygen: a comparative study with four salmonid species. J. Fish. Biol.6, 763–769 (1974a)
Soivio, A., Westman, K., Nyholm, K.: The influence of changes in oxygen tension on the haematocrit value of blood samples from asphyctic rainbow trout. Aquaculture3, 395–401 (1974b)
Soivio, A., Nyholm, K., Westman, K.: A technique for repeated sampling of the blood in individual resting fish. J. Exp. Biol.62, 207–217 (1975)
Stevens, E.D.: The effect of exercise on the distribution of blood to various organs in rainbow trout. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.25, 615–625 (1968)
Swift, J.D., Lloyd, R.: Changes in urine flow rate and haematocrit value of rainbow trout (Salmo giardneri Richardson) exposed to hypoxia. J. Fish. Biol.6, 379–387 (1974)
Tucker, V.A.: Method for oxygen content and dissociation curves on microliter blood samples. J. Appl. Physiol.23, 407–410 (1967)
Weber, R.E., Lykkeboe, G.: Respiratory adaptations in carp blood. Influences of hypoxia, red cell organic phosphates, divalent cations and CO2 on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. J. Comp. Physiol.128, 127–137 (1978)
Weber, R.E., Lykkeboe, G., Johansen, K.: Biochemical aspects of the adaptation of Hb-oxygen affinity of eels to hypoxia. Life Sci.17, 1345–1350 (1975)
Weber, R.E., Lykkeboe, G., Johansen, K.: Physiological properties of eel haemoglobin: hypoxic acclimation, phosphate effects and multiplicity. J. Exp. Biol.64 75–88 (1976a)
Weber, R.E., Wood, S.C., Lomholt, J.P.: Temperature acclimation and oxygen binding properties of blood and multiple haemoglobins of rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol.65, 333–345 (1976b)
Wood, S.C., Johansen, K.: Adaptation to hypoxia by increased HbO2 affinity and decreased red cell ATP concentration. Nature (New Biol.)237, 278–279 (1972)
Wood, S.C., Johansen, K.: Organic phosphate metabolism in nucleated red cells: influence of hypoxia on eel HbO2 affinity. Neth. J. Sea Res.7, 328–338 (1973a)
Wood, S.C., Johansen, K.: Blood oxygen transport and acid-base balance in eels during hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol.225, 849–851 (1973b)
Wood, S.C., Johansen, K., Weber, R.E.: Effects of ambient\(P_{O_2 } \) on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and red cell ATP concentrations in a benthic fish. Respir. Physiol.25, 259–267 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soivio, A., Nikinmaa, M. & Westman, K. The blood oxygen binding properties of hypoxicSalmo gairdneri . J Comp Physiol B 136, 83–87 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688627
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00688627