Abstract
Densities, heat capacities and enthalpies of dilution at 25°C and osmotic coefficients at 37°C were measured for N-octyl-, N-decyl- and N-dodecyl-pyridinium chlorides in water over a wide concentration region. Conductivity measurements were performed in order to evaluate the cmc and the degree of counterion dissociation. Partial molar volumes, heat capacities, relative enthalpies and nonideal free energies and entropies at 25°C were derived from the experimental data as functions of the surfactant concentration. The changes with concentration of these properties are quite regular with the exception of the heat capacities which display anomalies at about 0.9, 0.25 and 0.12 mol-kg−1 for the octyl, decyl and dodecyl compounds, respectively. At these concentrations there were also changes in the slopes of the specific conductivity and of the product of the osmotic coefficients and the molality vs. concentration. These peculiarities can be ascribed to micelle structural transitions. The thermodynamic functions of micellization were graphically evaluated on the basis of the pseudo-phase transition model. These data have been compared to those for alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and alkylnicotinamide chlorides. It is shown that the introduction of the hydrophilic CONH2 group lowers the hydrophilic character of the pyridinium ring.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. T. Bashford and E. M. Woolley,J. Phys. Chem. 89, 3173 (1985).
E. Vikingstad, A. Skauge, and H. Høiland,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 66, 240 (1978).
R. De Lisi, S. Milioto, and R. Triolo,J. Solution Chem. 17, 673 (1988).
J. E. Desnoyers, G. Caron, R. De Lisi, D. Roberts, A. H. Roux, and G. Perron,J. Phys. Chem. 87, 1397 (1983).
M. Tanaka, S. Kaneshina, K. Shin-No, T. Okajima, and T. Tomida,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 46, 132 (1974).
G. M. Musbally, G. Perron, and J. E. Desnoyers,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 48, 494 (1974).
J. M. Corkill, J. F. Goodman, and T. Walker,Trans. Faraday Soc. 63, 768 (1967).
D. M. Bloor, J. Gormally, and E. Wynne-Jones,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 80, 1915 (1984).
L. Benjamin,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 3790 (1966).
R. De Lisi, E. Fisicaro, and S. Milioto,J. Solution Chem. 17, 1015 (1988).
Y. Moroi, N. Nishihido, H. Uehara, and R. Matuura,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 50, 254 (1975).
R. De Lisi, E. Fisicaro, S. Milioto, E. Pelizzetti, and P. Savarino,J. Solution Chem. 19, 247 (1990).
E. M. Woolley, private communication.
G. C. Kresheck and W. A. Hardgraves,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 48, 481 (1974).
E. Fisicaro, E. Pelizzetti, M. Barbieri, P. Savarino, and G. Viscardi,Thermochim. Acta 168, 143 (1990).
E. Pelizzetti, E. Pramauro, E. Barni, P. Savarino, M. Corti, and V. Degiorgio,Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 86, 529 (1982).
K. Kalyanasundaram, T. Colassis, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Savarino, E. Barni, E. Pelizzetti, and M. Gratzel,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 3300 (1989).
K. Kalyanasundaram, T. Colassis, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Savarino, E. Barni, E. Pelizzetti and M. Gratzel,J. Coll. Interface Sci. (in press).
G. S. Kell,J. Chem. Eng. Data 12, 66 (1967).
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 67th edn., (CRC Press, Boca Rotan, 1986).
R. De Lisi, S. Milioto, M. Castagnolo, and A. Inglese,J. Solution Chem. 19, 000 (1990).
M. F. Stimson,Am. J. Phys. 23, 614 (1955).
H. N. Daggett, E. S. Bair, and C. A. Kraus,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 799 (1951).
J. E. Lind Jr., J. J. Zwolenick and R. M. Fuoss,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 1557 (1959)
G. J. Janz and J. D. E. McIntyre,J. Electrochem. Soc. 108, 72, (1961).
T. Maeda and I. Satake,Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57, 2396 (1984).
R. De Lisi, C. Ostiguy, G. Perron, and J. E. Desnoyers,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 71, 147 (1979).
J. E. Desnoyers, R. De Lisi, C. Ostiguy, and G. Perron, inSolution Chemistry of Surfactants, Vol. 1, K. L. Mittal, ed., (Plenum Press, New York, 1979).
C. Jolicoeur and G. Lacroix,Can. J. Chem. 54, 624 (1976).
S. Cabani, P. Gianni, V. Mollica, and L. Lepori,J. Solution Chem. 10, 563 (1981).
J. E. Desnoyers, G. Caron, R. De Lisi, D. Roberts, A. Roux, and G. Perron,J. Phys. Chem. 87, 1397 (1983).
W.-Y. Wen and J. H. Hung,J. Phys. Chem. 74, 170 (1970).
J. E. Desnoyers, G. Perron, S. Leger, B. Y. Okamoto, T. H. Hill, and R. H. Wood,J. Solution Chem. 7, 165 (1978).
G. Roux-Desgranges, A. H. Roux and A. Viallard,J. Chim. Phys. 82, 441 (1985).
F. Quirion and J. E. Desnoyers,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 112, 565 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Causi, S., De Lisi, R. & Milioto, S. Thermodynamic properties of N-octyl-, N-decyl- and N-dodecylpyridinium chlorides in water. J Solution Chem 20, 1031–1058 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00649096
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00649096
Key words
- N-octylpyridinium chloride
- N-decylpyridinium chloride
- N-dodecylpyridinium chloride
- densities
- heat capacities
- enthalpies of dilution
- osmotic coefficients
- activity coefficients
- partial molar volumes
- partial molar heat capacities
- partial molar relative enthalpies
- nonideal free energies
- nonideal entropies
- thermodynamics of micellization