Abstract
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) has been used in combination with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to study the oxidation state, structure and morpholog of pure iron and iron-cadmium electrodes in various stages of cycling. The electrodes have only been studied in their discharged state. Cycling produces particle coarsening and a change in phase composition of the iron compounds from Fe3O4 toα-Fe. ESCA spectra suggest that a thin cadmium-rich surface film of poor electronic conductivity forms on the surface of the particles after prolonged cycling.
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K. Siegbahn, C. Nordling, A. Fahlman, R. Nordberg, K. Hamrin, J. Hedman, G. Johansson, T. Bergmark, S-E. Karlsson, I. Lindgren and B. Lindberg, ESCA-Atomic, Molecular and Solid State Structure Studied by Means of Electron Spectroscopy. Uppsala 1967 Almquist and Wiksells boktryckeri AB, Uppsala 1967.
S. Landstedt, Jungner, private communication.
I. Olefjord,Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 3 (1974) 129.
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Olefjord, I. Application of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to the study of iron-based battery electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 5, 145–150 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613218
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613218