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A review of volumetric titration as an efficient method for the quantification of ions and compounds in lithium-ion battery components

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Abstract

In upgrading lithium-ion batteries, which today occupy a large share of the commercial battery market, preventing the degradation of components is a general solution. For this purpose, it is essential to accurately identify the factors affecting the performance of the components. Knowing the composition of the cathode material, the content of residual lithium on the surface of the cathode material, the ion exchange capacity of the separator, the concentration of ions during material synthesis, the content of functional groups in the carbon material, and the average valence of the metal ion can be useful in selecting materials and improving cell performance. Knowing the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the cell and the amount of hydrofluoric acid produced in the electrolyte is effective in reducing the rate of aging and avoiding battery safety risks. These items can be measured through various spectroscopic methods such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), chromatography approaches, and volumetric titration techniques. However, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods can be expensive, complicated, and poorly reproducible. Volumetric titration methods used include acid–base, complexometric, and oxidation–reduction titrations. Here, the inexpensive, simple, and practical methods of volumetric titration used in the identification of lithium-ion battery components are reviewed for the first time.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

CE:

Capillary electrophoresis

DMC:

Dimethyl carbonate

EDAX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

EDS:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EP:

Endpoint

EqC:

Equilibrium cell

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IC:

Ion chromatography

ICP-AES:

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

ICP-OES:

Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

IEC:

Ion exchange capacity

LiBOB:

Lithium bis(oxalato)borate

NCA:

LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2

NMC:

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PI:

Polyimide

PID:

Proportional–integral–derivative

PVDF :

Polyvinylidene difluoride

TGA–MS:

Thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry

ToF-SIMS:

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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  1. Department of Energy Storage, Institute of Mechanics, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Mohsen Loghavi, Mohsen Babaiee & Rahim Eqra

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  1. Mohammad Mohsen Loghavi
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  2. Mohsen Babaiee
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  3. Rahim Eqra
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Correspondence to Mohammad Mohsen Loghavi.

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Loghavi, M.M., Babaiee, M. & Eqra, R. A review of volumetric titration as an efficient method for the quantification of ions and compounds in lithium-ion battery components. Chem. Pap. 77, 7395–7408 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03075-w

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