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Macromolecules from cold-adapted antarctic fishes

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Abstract

The article reviews the studies of the authors and other investigators on blood proteins and muscle and brain enzymes from Antarctic fishes adapted to the −1.85 °C temperature of the ice-salt water of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The bloods had two major characteristics related to the cold-adaptation: a rapid rate of clotting of the blood at 0 °C and a very specialized type of glycoprotein (antifreeze protein) responsible for the prevention of freezing of the blood. This antifreeze protein has the repeating structure of a glycotripeptide consisting of units of alanine, alanine, threonine with each threonine glycosidically linked to a disaccharide of galactosyl-N-acetyl galactosamine. Six enzymes studied were muscle fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase, and lactic dehydrogenase, heart mitochondrial cytochrome system, and brain tissue acetylcholinesterase. Adaptations for efficient catalysis at low temperatures included a low activation energy (for catalysis) and a resistance to inactivation at low temperature, but there was no general property characteristic of low temperature adaptation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, 95616, Davis, California, USA

    R. E. Feeney, J. Vandenheede & D. T. Osuga

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  1. R. E. Feeney
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  2. J. Vandenheede
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  3. D. T. Osuga
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Additional information

The researches providing the background for this article were supported by the Office of Polar Programs of the U.S. National Science Foundation.

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Feeney, R.E., Vandenheede, J. & Osuga, D.T. Macromolecules from cold-adapted antarctic fishes. Naturwissenschaften 59, 22–29 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00594619

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00594619

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