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The effect of polarizing current on action potential and transmitter release in crayfish motor nerve terminals

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Summary

Potential changes were recorded from the terminal regions of crayfish motor nerve fibres by means of extracellular microelectrodes. Near to the recording site, a nerve branch was cut and sucked into a close fitting glass capillary electrode. Nerve action potentials were recorded through this electrode; in addition, current could be passed which de- or hyperpolarized the nerve and the terminal.

Hyperpolarization of the terminal led to an increased average amplitude of the EPSP (up to 400% of control), which was due to an increased probability of release of quanta of transmitter. The average amplitude of the EPSP rose steeply with increasing current strength up to −6 μA, larger hyperpolarizing current had little more effect. Part of this facilitatory effect of hyperpolarization was instantaneous, the full effect, however, developed only within 10 min after hyperpolarization. Similarly, the EPSP returned to the control amplitude only 10 min after the hyperpolarizing current was switched off. During hyperpolarization, the action potentials recorded from the nerve and from the terminal were prolonged by about 100% and increased in amplitude. The frequency of spontaneous synaptic potentials was reduced (down to 12% of control) during hyperpolarization.

Depolarization of the terminal had little effect on the EPSP and on terminal potential changes, probably because small current strengths led to block of conduction proximal to the terminal. The frequency of spontaneous synaptic potentials was increased during depolarization of the terminal.

The effects of polarizing current on the crayfish motor nerve terminal are very similar to the respective effects on cholinergic vertebrate terminals indicating a very similar mechanism of release of transmitter. Part of the facilitatory effect of hyperpolarization should be due to the prolongation of the action potential, in addition a “mobilization” of transmitter must be assumed. Possible relations between synaptic facilitation due to repetitive stimulation and hyperpolarization of the terminal are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Mit extracellulären Mikroelektroden wurden von motorischen Synapsen auf dem Krebsmuskel prä- und postsynaptische Potentiale abgeleitet. Nahe der Ableitestelle wurde ein Nervenast durchschnitten und in eine passende Capillarelektrode gesaugt. Über diese Elektrode wurden die Nervenaktionspotentiale gemessen, ferner konnte Strom in den Nervenast geleitet werden, der den Nerv und die Endigung de- oder hyperpolarisierte.

Hyperpolarisation der Nervenendigung steigerte die durchschnittliche Amplitude des EPSP (auf bis zu 400% der Kontrolle) über eine Erhöhung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Freisetzung von Überträgerstoffquanten. Die durchschnittliche Amplitude des EPSP nahm bis zu einer Stromstärke von −6 μA steil zu, größere hyperpolarisierende Ströme hatten wenig mehr Effekt. Ein Teil dieses bahnenden Effektes der Hyperpolarisation trat sofort ein, die volle Amplitudensteigerung wurde jedoch erst nach 10 min Hyperpolarisation erreicht. Entsprechend ging die Amplitude des EPSP erst 10 min nach Abschalten der Hyperpolarisation auf den Ausgangswert zurück. Während Hyperpolarisation waren die vom Nerven und von seiner Endigung registrierten Aktionspotentiale um etwa 100% verlängert und ihre Amplitude erhöht. Die Frequenz der spontanen synaptischen Potentiale nahm während der Hyperpolarisation ab (bis auf 12% der Kontrolle).

Depolarisation der Nervenendigung hatte wenig Effekt auf das EPSP und Potentialänderungen der Endigungen, die Fortleitung des Aktionspotentials wurde allerdings schon durch kleine depolarisierende Ströme blockiert. Die Frequenz der spontanen synaptischen Potentiale nahm bei Depolarisation der Endigung zu. Die Effekte polarisierenden Stromes auf motorische Nervenendigungen der Krebse sind denen auf cholinergische Vertebratensynapsen sehr ähnlich. Dies legt eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung des Mechanismus der Überträgerfreisetzung nahe. Ein Teil des bahnenden Effektes der Hyperpolarisation kann durch die Verlängerung der Aktionspotentiale erklärt werden, dazu muß ein mobilisierender Effekt auf die Freisetzung kommen. Beziehungen der Bahnung durch repetitive Erregung zur Hyperpolarisation der Endigung werden diskutiert.

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Dudel, J. The effect of polarizing current on action potential and transmitter release in crayfish motor nerve terminals. Pflugers Arch. 324, 227–248 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00586421

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