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Experimental observations of stability, instability, and shear planes in granular materials

Experimentelle Beobachtungen von StabilitÄt, InstabilitÄt und ScherflÄchen in granularem Material

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Summary

Materials exhibiting nonassociated flow should according to stability postulates by Drucker and by Hill become unstable when exposed to certain stress-paths inside the failure surface. Results of two series of triaxial compression tests designed to expose the type of behavior displayed by granular materials are presented and discussed. In one series of tests the sand dilated during shear, it exhibited nonassociated flow, and when exposed to stress paths in the region of potential instability, none was observed. In the other series of tests the sand tended to compress during shear, it exhibited nonassociated flow, and instability was observed along stress paths in the region of potential instability. The type of volume change behavior is of great importance in the question of stability of granular materials. Stability conditions for materials with non-associated flow are presented. Shear planes occur after peak failure in triaxial compression on granular materials that dilate. They do not develop inside the failure surface for triaxial compression, and they are not associated with the question of stability considered here.

übersicht

Nach den StabilitÄtskriterien von Drucker und Hill werden Werkstoffe mit nicht-assoziiertem Flie\gesetz instabil, wenn sie gewissen SpannungsverlÄufen innerhalb der VersagensflÄche ausgesetzt werden. Ergebnisse aus zwei Testreihen mit dreiachsigem Druck, die speziell zur Bestimmung des Stoffverhaltens von granularem Material entwickelt wurden, werden mitgeteilt und erörtert. In der einen Testreihe dehnte sich der Sand unter Scherbeanspruchung aus, zeigte nicht-assoziiertes Flie\verhalten und zeigte bei Spannungswegen im Bereich möglicher InstabilitÄt keine entsprechende Reaktion. In der anderen Testreihe tendierte der Sand unter Scherung zur Kontraktion, zeigte nicht-assoziiertes Flie\verhalten und InstabilitÄt lÄngs Spannungswegen im Bereich möglicher InstabilitÄt. Das hei\t, das Vorzeichen der VolumenÄnderung hat eine besondere Bedeutung bei der Frage der StabilitÄt granularen Materials. Für Stoffe mit nicht-assoziiertem Flie\en werden StabilitÄtsbedingungen angegeben. Bei dreiachsigem Druck auf dilatierende granulare Stoffe treten ScherflÄchen nach dem Maximallast-Versagen auf. Sie entwickeln sich allerdings nicht innerhalb der VersagensflÄche für dreiachsigen Druck und sind nicht verknüpft mit der hier erörterten Frage der StabilitÄt.

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Lade, P.V. Experimental observations of stability, instability, and shear planes in granular materials. Ing. arch 59, 114–123 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00538365

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00538365

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