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Peptidasen II. Zur Lokalisation der Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV). Histochemische und biochemische Untersuchung

Histochemical and biochemical distribution of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV)

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Summary

Fresh frozen, unfixed, chloroforme-acetone treated or freeze-dried cryostat sections or sections from aldehyde-fixed blocks of tissue were tried for the histochemical investigation of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) with l-glycyl-l-prolyl(gly-pro)-naphthylamides as substrates and stable or unstable diazonium salts for simultaneous coupling and various buffers, pH 5–7.5 in rats, mice, guinea-pigs, cats, rabbits, hamsters and human enterobiopsies. The best results are obtained with 1.7–3.4 mM gly-pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and 1 mg Fast Blue B/ml or (with some limitations) 0.025 ml hexazotized new fuchsine/ml in 0.1 M cacodylate or phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 and unfixed sections for the demonstration of the total activity of DPP IV and freeze-dried celloidin-mounted cryostat sections for the precise localization of the enzyme or the detection of lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and secretion granules; sections from aldehyde fixed tissue blocks are only suitable to study the lysosomal hydrolysis of gly-pro-naphthylamides between pH 5 and 7 when hexazotized p-rosaniline or new fuchsine are employed.

DPP IV is firmly bound to structures and shows species- and organ-dependent differences. In general, the enzyme occurs in the capillary endothelium, sinusoidal cells, perineurium, epithelial cells of intercalated and striated ducts, microvillous zone of intestinal crypts and villi, uterus, Fallopian tube, ductus epididymis and proximal renal tubules, hepatocyte and lymphocyte membrane, plasmalemma of pseudostratified and transient epithelia and in the capsules and interstitium of many organs. These sites of activity can be completely inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and partially by Pb2+; Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+ EDTA are without any influence. Phenantrolin may activate DPP IV.

The biochemical assay works with 10 mM gly-pro-2-naphthylamide in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7; the enzyme activity is determined fluorometrically in guinea-pig and rat organs; the data confirm and enlarge the species-and organ-dependent differences revealed by histochemistry.

Compared with other dipeptide as well as tripeptide and amino acid naphthylamides the results obtained for DPP IV suggest a peptidylpeptidase which seems to be involved in other metabolic processes beside the degradation of collagen.

Zusammenfassung

Histochemisch wird die Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) mit Glycyl-prolyl(Gly-pro)-naphthylamiden als Substraten, stabilen und instabilen Diazoniumsalzen zur Simultankupplung und unterschiedlichen Puffern bei Ratten, Mäusen, Katzen, Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen, Hamstern und in menschlichen Dünndarmbiopsien nach verschiedenen Gewebevorbehandlungen untersucht. Die besten Resultate liefert 1,7–3,4 mM Gly-pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamid und 1 mg Fast Blue B/ml und mit Einschränkungen 0,025 ml hexazotiertes Neufuchsin/ml in 0,1 M Cacodylat- oder Phosphat-Puffer, pH 7,5, und frische Kryostatschnitte zum Nachweis der Gesamtaktivität der DPP IV und gefriergetrocknete Schnitte nach Celloidinmontage zur ortsgetreuen Lokalization des Enzyms. Schnitte von aldehydfixiertem Material eignen sich zur Untersuchung des Umsatzes von Gly-pro-naphthylamiden zwischen pH 5 und 7 mit hexazotiertem Neufuchsin oder p-Rosanilin in Lysosomen.

Die DPP IV ist fest strukturgebunden und weist Spezies- und Organdifferenzen auf. Im allgemeinen kommt das Enzym in Kapillarendothelien, Sinusoidalzellen, Perineurium, Schalt- und Sekretrohrepithelien, Mikrovillizone von Darmkrypten und-zotten, Uterus, Tube, proximalen Nierentubuli sowie Nebenhodengang, Hepatocyten- und Lymphocytenmembran, Plasmalemm mehrschichtiger und Übergangsepithelien sowie in der Kapsel und im Interstitium zahlreicher Organe vor.

Die biochemische Untersuchung der DPP IV wird mit 10 mM Gly-pro-2-naphthylamid in 0.1 M Cacodylat-Puffer, pH 7 durchgeführt und die Enzymaktivität fluorometrisch in Ratten- und Meerschweinchenorganen bestimmt. Die Befunde bestätigen und erweitern die auffälligen spezies- und organabhängigen Unterschiede des histochemischen DPP IV-Nachweises.

Verglichen mit anderen Di- sowie Tripeptidyl- und Aminosäurenaphthylamiden deuten die Befunde darauf hin, daß es sich bei der DPP IV um eine Peptidylpeptidase handelt, die neben dem Kollagenabbau an anderen Stoffwechselvorgängen beteiligt ist.

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Gossrau, R. Peptidasen II. Zur Lokalisation der Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV). Histochemische und biochemische Untersuchung. Histochemistry 60, 231–248 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00495756

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