Summary
Enzyme-gold complexes have been prepared with an endo β 1→4 xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and a β 1→4 mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78). The complexes were applied to ultrathin sections of plant cell walls for the ultrastructural localization of xylans in different tissues of a graminea and for the localization of glucomannans in the tracheids of spruce wood. The method proved to be highly specific and gave a very good contrast of the substrate polysaccharides. Used in conjunction with other cytochemical staining the enzyme-gold labelling provided information about the relative distribution of pectic polymers and xylans in primary walls.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baigent CL, Muller RG (1980) A colloïdal gold prepared with ultrasonics. Experientia 36:472–473
Barnoud F, Dutton GGS, Joseleau JP (1973) La D-xylane du Roseau Arundo donax. Carbohydr Res 27:215–223
Bendayan M (1981) Electron microscopical localization of nucleic acids by means of nuclease-gold complexes. Histochem J 13:699–710
Comtat J (1983) Isolation properties and postulated role of some of the xylanases from the basidiomycete sporotrichum dimorphosporum. Carbohydr Res 118:215–231
Dutton GGS, Joseleau JP (1977) Hemicelluloses of Red wood (Sequoia sempervirens). Cellul Chem Technol 11:313–319
Eriksson KEE, Hamp S (1978) Enzymes mechanisms involved in fungal degradation of wood components. Regulation of endo-1→4, β glucanase production in Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Eur J Biochem 90:183–190
Faulk WP, Taylor GM (1971) An immuno-colloïd method for the electron microscope. Immunochemistry 8:1081–1083
Frens G (1972) Particle size and sol stability in metal colloïds. Kolloid Z Z Polym 250:736–741
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold solutions. Nat Phys Sci 241:20–22
Geoghegan WD, Ackerman GA (1977) Adsorption of horseradish peroxidase, ovomucoid and anti-immunoglobulin to colloidal gold for the indirect detection of concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and goat anti-human immunoglobulin G on cell surfaces at the electron microscopic level; a new method, theory and application. J Histochem Cytochem 24:1187–1200
Goodman SL, Hodges GM, Trejdosiewics LK, Lïvingston DC (1979) Colloidal gold probes. A further evaluation. In: Scanning electron microscopy III. SEM Inc, AMF O'Hare, IL, pp 619–628
Horisberger M (1979) Evaluation of colloidal gold as a cytochemical marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Biol Cell 36:253–258
Horisberger M (1983) Colloidal gold as a tool in molecular biology. Emerging Techniques Tibs: 395–397
Horisberger M, Rosset J (1977) Gold granules, as useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 25:295–305
Horisberger M, Rosset J, Bauer H (1975) Colloidal gold granules as markers for cell surface receptors in the scanning EM. Experientia 31:1147–1148
Joseleau JP, Ruel K (1984) A new cytochemical method for ultrastructural localization of polysaccharides. Submitted to Biol Cell
Karnovsky MJ (1965) A formaldehyde glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 27:137 A
Leduc EH, Bernhard W (1967) Recent modifications of the glycol methacrylate embedding procedure. J Ultrastruct Res 19: 196–199
McCleary BV (1979) Modes of action of β-mannanases enzymes of diverse origin on legume seed galactomannans. Phytochemistry 18:757–763
Nicolson GL, Singer SJ (1971) Ferritin-conjugated plant agglutinins as specific saccharides stains for electron microscopy: Application to saccharides bound to cell membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:942–945
Reis D, Roland JC (1974) Mise en évidence de l'organisation des parois des cellules végétales en croissance par extractions ménagées des polysaccharides associées à la cytochimie ultrastructurale. J Microsc (Paris) 20:271–284
Ruel K, Comtat J, Barnoud F (1977) Localisation histologique et ultrastructurale des xylanes dans les parois primaires des tissus d'Arundo donax. CR Acad Sci 244:1421–1424
Ruel K, Barnoud F (1984) Ultrastructural aspects of wood degradation by Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Observations on spruce wood impregnated with glucose. Holzforschung 38:61–68
Ruel K, Joseleau JP, Comtat J, Barnoud F (1976) Ultrastructural localization of xylans in the developing cell wall of gramineae fibers by the use of an endoxylanase. J Appl Polym Sci (Symp) 28:971–981
Schrevel J, Kieda C, Caigneaux E, Gros D, Delmotte F, Monsigny M (1979) Visualization of cell surface carbohydrates by a general two-step lectin technique: lectins and glycosylated cytochemical markers. Biol Cell 36:259–266
Sinner M, Parameswaran N, Dietrichs HH (1979) Degradation of delignified spruce wood by purified mannanases, xylanases and cellulases. In: Ross D (ed) Hydrolysis of cellulose: Mechanisms of enzymatic and acid catalysis, vol 181, chap 15 (Chemistry series), pp 303–329
Somogyi M (1952) Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem 195:19–23
Thiery JP (1967) Mise en évidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie électronique. J Microsc (Paris) 6:687–1018
Vian B, Brillouet JM, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B (1983) Ultrastructural visualization of xylans in cell walls of hardwood by means of xylanase-gold complex. Biol Cell 49:179–182
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruel, K., Joseleau, J.P. Use of enzyme-gold complexes for the ultrastructural localization of hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall. Histochemistry 81, 573–580 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00489537
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00489537