Abstract
A steady state soil chemistry model was used to calculate the critical load of acidity for forest soils and surface waters at Lake GÄrdsjön in S.W. Sweden. The critical load of all acid precursors (potential acidity) for the forest soil is 1.64 kmolc ha−1 yr−1, and 1.225 kmolc ha−1 yr−1 for surface waters. For the most sensitive receptor, the critical load is exceeded by 1.0 kmolc ha−1 yr−1, and a 80% reduction in S deposition is required, if N deposition remains unchanged. The critical load is largely affected by the present immobilization of N in the terrestrial ecosystem which is higher than the base cation uptake. The model, PROFILE, is based on mass balance calculations for the different soil layers. From measurable soil properties, PROFILE reproduces the present stream water composition as well as present soil solution chemistry. The model calculates the weathering rate from independent geophysical properties such as soil texture and mineral composition.
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Warfvinge, P., Sverdrup, H. Calculating critical loads of acid deposition with PROFILE — A steady-state soil chemistry model. Water Air Soil Pollut 63, 119–143 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475626
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00475626