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Geochemical Indicators for Use in the Computation of Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments

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Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 25))

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of geochemical indicators for nitrogen (N), acidity, and metals in soil and water (soil solution, ground water and surface water) in view of their impacts on different endpoints (tree growth/health, human health, soil biodiversity etc.). Relevant indicators for N are the soil C/N ratio, nitrate (NO3) concentration in ground water and total N concentration in soil and surface water. For acidity the most relevant endpoint indicators are the exchangeable base cation pool or base saturation in the soil, the ratio of aluminium (Al) to base cation (Bc) in soil solution, the total Al concentration in ground water and the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in surface water. Relevant indicators for metals are the total or reactive metal concentration in the soil and the free or total metal ion concentration in water. Using critical limits for those endpoint indicators, it is possible to assess critical loads for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems based on geochemical modelling. An overview is given of the derivation of those limits, mostly under laboratory circumstances, and a critical evaluation of their relevance in the field situation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Wim de Vries

  2. Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE), RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Maximilian Posch & Jean-Paul Hettelingh

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Harald U. Sverdrup

  4. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway

    Thorjørn Larssen & Heleen A. de Wit

  5. B-Ware Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Roland Bobbink

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  1. Wim de Vries
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  3. Harald U. Sverdrup
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  7. Jean-Paul Hettelingh
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Correspondence to Wim de Vries .

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  1. Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Wim de Vries

  2. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Jean-Paul Hettelingh

  3. RIVM – Coordination Centre for Effects, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    Maximilian Posch

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de Vries, W. et al. (2015). Geochemical Indicators for Use in the Computation of Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. In: de Vries, W., Hettelingh, JP., Posch, M. (eds) Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. Environmental Pollution, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_2

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