Abstract
Rhesus monkeys were trained to press a lever to extinguish a light associated with a drug infusion scheduled to occur 30 sec after the onset of the light. Each response during the light period terminated the light for a 1-min time-out period (avoidance); a response during the infusion terminated the infusion (escape). Under these conditions the monkeys tolerated a high number of saline infusions. Saline was replaced by different unit doses of nalorphine, cyclazocine, naloxone, cocaine, codeine, pentazocine and propiramfumarate each for six successive daily 2-h sessions.
Infusions of nalorphine (unit doses from 500 to 10 mcg/kg/infusion) and cyclazocine (10 to 2.5 mcg/kg/infusion) generated and maintained avoidance/escape behavior, while infusions of naloxone (100 to 5 mcg/kg/infusion), cocaine, codeine, pentazocine and propiramfumarate (all 50 mcg/kg/infusion) were tolerated by the subjects.
The results show that in rhesus monkeys with no drug experience prior to the experiment the morphine-antagonists nalorphine and cyclazocine but not naloxone have negative reinforcing properties.
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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. W. Wirth on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
Parts of these experiments have been reported at the First International Conference on Narcotic Antagonists, Warrenton, Virginia, November 26–29, 1972.
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Hoffmeister, F., Wuttke, W. Negative reinforcing properties of morphine-antagonists in naive rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacologia 33, 247–258 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00423059
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00423059