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Time relationships of sporopollenin synthesis associated with tapetum and microspores in Lilium

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Summary

The development of the sporopollenin orbicules (Ubisch bodies) on the tapetal cells of Lilium begins while the spores are still enclosed in the meiotic tetrads. Spherosome-like structures, the pro-orbicular bodies, accumulate in the vicinity of the plasmalemma early in the tetrad period, and are extruded into the space within the degenerating inner walls of the tapetal cells. There they acquire a coating of sporopollenin, the accretion continuing until after the release of the spores from the tetrads. Some orbicules remain attached to the plasmalemma by stalks. Synthesis of a material of the general class of sporopollenin begins in the primexine of the young spore in the mid-tetrad period, again outside of the cell membrane, but within the callose tetrad wall.

A general scheme for sporopollenin formation in the anther is given. According to this, (a) precursors are synthesised both in the young spores and in the tapetum, and released into the extracellular space; and (b) polymerisation occurs on initiating sites outside of the cell membranes, these sites being the surface of the proorbicular bodies and of the special lamellae concerned in exine growth.

Synthesis of sporopollenin in the anther is virtually complete before the main synthesis of the pigmented pollen coat substances (Pollenkitt) begins in the tapetum. It is therefore improbable that the carotenoids produced in the final phase of metabolic activity in the tapetum can be sporopollenin precursors.

Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung der Sporopollenin-Orbicula (Ubisch-Körper) in den Tapetenzellen von Lilium beginnt wenn die Sporen noch in den meiotischen Tetraden zusammen geschlossen sind. Sphärosomenähnliche Gebilde, die Pro-Orbicularkörper, werden im frühen Tetradenstadium in der Nähe des Plasmalemmas angehäuft und dann in den Raum innerhalb der degenerierenden Innenwände der Tapetenzellen ausgestoßen. Dort werden sie mit einer Hülle aus Sporopollenin versehen; dieser Vorgang dauert noch an, wenn die Sporen aus dem Tetradenverband freigesetzt worden sind. Einige der Orbicular bleiben mit dem Plasmalemma mittels Stielchen verbunden. Im mittleren Tetradenstadium setzt in den Primexinen der jungen Sporen die Synthese eines Materials ein, welches der allgemeinen Klasse der Sporopollenine angehört; auch dieser Vorgang verläuft außerhalb der Zellmembran, aber innerhalb der aus Callose bestehenden Tetradenwand.

Ein allgemeines Schema für Sporenpollenbildung in der Anthere wird vorgeschlagen. Danach werden a) Vorstufen sowohl in der jungen Spore als auch im Tapetum synthetisiert und in den extracellulären Raum ausgeschieden, und b) findet Polymerisation an spezifischen Stellen außerhalb der Zellmembran, und zwar den Oberflächen der Pro-Orbicularkörper und der für das Wachstum der Exine maßgeblichen, speziellen Lamellen, statt.

Die Synthese des Sporopollenins in der Anthere ist praktisch beendet bevor die Synthese der pigmentierten Substanzen der Pollenhaut (Pollenkitt) im Tapetum einsetzt. Es ist daher unwahrescheinlich, daß die Carotinoide, die in den Endstadien der Stoffwechseltätigkeit der Tapetenzellen gebildet werden, Vorstufen des Sporopollenins sein können.

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Heslop-Harrison, J., Dickinson, H.G. Time relationships of sporopollenin synthesis associated with tapetum and microspores in Lilium . Planta 84, 199–214 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388106

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