Skip to main content
Log in

Taking stock: Can the theory of reasoned action explain unethical conduct?

  • Varia
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Extensive interest in business ethics has developed accompanied by an increase in empirical research on the determinants of unethical conduct. In setting forth the theory of reasoned action, Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) maintained that research attention on such variables as personality traits and demographic characteristics is misplaced and, instead, researchers should focus on behavioral intentions and the beliefs that shape those intentions. This study summarizes business ethics research which tests the theory of reasoned action and suggests directions for further research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajzen, I. and M. Fishbein: 1980, Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., C. Timko, and J. B. White: 1982, ‘Self-monitoring and the Attitude-Behavior Relation’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42, 426–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlow, P. and T. A. Ulrich: 1985, ‘Business Ethics and Business School Graduates: A Longitudinal Study’, Akron Business and Economics Review 15, 13–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, J. H. and M. J. Karson: 1987, ‘Personal Values and Business Decisions: An Exploratory Investigation’, Journal of Business Ethics 6, 371–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browning, J. and N. B. Zabriskie: 1983, ‘How Ethical are Industrial Buyers?’ Industrial Marketing Management 12, 219–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chonko, L. B. and S. D. Hunt: 1985, ‘Ethics and Marketing Management: An Empirical Examination’, Journal of Business Research 13, 339–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, C. M.: 1970, ‘Attitudes of Marketing Executives Toward Ethics in Marketing Research’, Journal of Marketing 34, 46–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowne, D. P. and D. Marlowe: 1964, The Approval Motive (Wiley, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVries, D. L. and I. Ajzen: 1971, ‘The Relationship of Attitudes and Normative Beliefs to Cheating in College’, Journal of Social Psychology 83, 199–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornoff, R. J. and C. B. Tankersley: 1975–76, ‘Do Retailers Practice Social Responsibility?’ Journal of Retailing 51(4), 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubinsky, A. J., E. N. Berkowitz, and W. Rudelius: 1980, ‘Ethical Problems of Field Sales Personnel’, MSU Business Topics 28, 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubinsky, A. J. and T. N. Ingram: 1984, ‘Correlates of Salespeople's Ethical Conflict: An Exploratory Investigation’, Journal of Business Ethics 3, 343–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubinsky, A. J., T. N. Ingram, and W. Rudelius: 1985, ‘Ethics in Industrial Selling: How Product and Service Salespeople Compare’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 13(1), 160–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubinsky, A. J. and M. Levy: 1985, ‘Ethics in Retailing: Perceptions of Retail Salespeople’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 13(1), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, O. C. and K. M. Weaver: 1978, ‘Ethical Beliefs of Marketing Managers’, Journal of Marketing 42(3), 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, D. W., L. B. Chonko, and S. D. Hunt: 1988, ‘Ethical Problems in Public Accounting. A View From the Top’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 605–615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M.: 1967, ‘Attitude and the Prediction of Behavior’, in M. Fishbein (Ed.), Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement (Wiley, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. and I. Ajzen: 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, J. E.: 1987, ‘Authorities in Business Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 6(3), 213–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritzshe, D. H. and H. Becker: 1983, ‘Ethical Behavior of Marketing Managers’, Journal of Business Ethics 2, 291–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritzshe, D. J. and H. Becker: 1984, ‘Linking Management Behavior to Ethical Philosophy — An Empirical Investigation’, Academy of Management Journal 27, 116–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacalone, R., S. J. Payne, and P. Rosenfeld: 1988, ‘Endorsement of Managers Following Accusations of Breaches in Confidentiality’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 621–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, J. B. and D. G. Norris: 1987, ‘Research Note: Ethical Attitudes of Retail Store Managers: A Longitudinal Analysis’, Journal of Retailing 63(3), 298–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, M. and N. Fitzhenry: 1976, ‘Fishbein's Subjective Norm: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence’, in B. B. Anderson, (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 3 (Association for Consumer Research, Ann Arbor, MI), 477–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hessing, N., N. Elferrs, and D. Weigel: 1988, ‘Self-report and Tax Evasion Behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 11, 123–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hom, P. W., R. Katerberg, and C. L. Hulin: 1979, ‘Comparative Examination of Three Approaches to the Prediction of Turnover’, Journal of Applied Psychology 64, 280–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izraeli, D.: 1988, ‘Ethical Beliefs and Behavior Among Managers: A Cross Cultural Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 263–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard, J. J. and A. R. Davidson: 1972, ‘Toward an Understanding of Family Planning Behaviors: An Initial Investigation’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2, 228–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. M. and F. H. Gautschi, II: 1988, ‘Will The Ethics of Business Change? A Survey of Future Executives’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 231–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidwell, J. M., R. E. Stevens, and A. L. Bethke: 1987, ‘Differences in Ethical Perceptions Between Male and Female Managers: Myth or Reality?’, Journal of Business Ethics 6, 489–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krugman, D. M. and O. C. Ferrell: 1981, ‘The Organizational Ethics of Advertising: Corporate and Agency Views’, Journal of Advertising 10, 21–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, M. S., D. Schaupp, and B. Parsons: 1988, ‘Pygmalion Effect: An Issue for Business Education and Ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 231–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, J.: 1988, ‘Themes of Social Responsibility: A Survey of Three Professional Schools’, Journal of Business Ethics 7, 313–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNichols, C. W. and T. W. Zimmerer: 1985, ‘Situational Ethics: An Empirical Study of Differentiators of Student Attitudes’, Journal of Business Ethics 4, 175–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nederhof, A. J.: 1985, ‘Methods of Coping With Social Desirability Bias: A Review’, European Journal of Social Psychology 15, 263–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newstrom, J. W. and W. A. Ruch: 1976, ‘Managerial Values Underlying Intraorganizational Ethics’, Atlanta Economic Review, May–June, 12–15.

  • Phillips, D. L. and K. J. Clancy: 1970, ‘Some effects of ‘social desirability’ in survey studies’, American Journal of Sociology 77(5), 921–940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pomazal, R. J. and J. J. Jaccard: 1976, ‘An Informational Approach to Altruistic Behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33, 317–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, B. Z. and W. H. Schmidt: 1987, ‘Ethics In American Companies: A Managerial Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics 6, 383–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudelius, W. and R. A. Buchholz: 1979, ‘Ethical Problems of Purchasing Managers’, Harvard Business Review, March–April, 8–14.

  • Salancik, G. and J. Pfeffer: 1978, ‘A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design’, Administrative Science Quarterly 23, 224–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sejwacz, D., I. Ajzen, and M. Fishbein: 1980, Predicting and Understanding Weight Loss: Intentions, Behaviors and Outcomes’, in I. Ajzen and M. Fishbein (Eds.), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviors (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, B. H., J. Hartwick, and P. R. Warshaw: 1988, ‘The Theory of Reasoned Action: A Meta-Analysis of Past Research With Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research’, Journal of Consumer Research 15, 325–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steel, R. P. and N. K. Ovalle: 1984, ‘A Review and Meta-Analysis of Research on the Relationship Between Behavioral Intentions and Employee Tunover’, Journal of Applied Psychology 69(4), 673–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G. E.: 1984, ‘Business Ethics and Social Responsibility: The Responses of Present and Future Managers’, Akron Business and Economic Review 15(3), 6–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K.: 1976, ‘A Reinterpretation of the ‘Attitude’ Approach To Transport-Mode Choice and an Exploratory Empirical Test’, Environment and Planning 8, 793–810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K., H. C. Bull, and J. Clark: 1978, ‘Attitude Measurement in the Forecasting of Off-Peak Travel Behavior’, in P. W. Bonsall, Q. Dalvi, and P. J. Hills (Eds.), Urban Transportation Planning: Current Themes and Future Prospects (Abacus, Turnbridge Wells).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevino, L, K.: 1986, ‘Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model’, Academy of Management Review 11(3), 601–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H.: 1977, Interpersonal Behavior (Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, K. M. and O. C. Ferrell: 1977, ‘The Impact of Corporate Policy on Reported Ethical Beliefs and Behavior of Marketing Practitioners’, American Marketing Association Proceedings 41, 447–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zey-Ferrell, M., K. M. Weaver, and O. C. Ferrell: 1979, ‘Predicting Unethical Behavior Among Marketing Practitioners’, Human Relations 32, 557–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zey-Ferrell, M. and O. C. Ferrell: 1982, ‘Role-Set Configuration and Opportunity As Predictors of Unethical Behavior In Organizations’, Human Relations 35, 587–604.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Donna M. Randall is an Assistant Professor of Management at Washington State University. Her research interests include organizational commitment, professional deviance, and the regulation of reproductive health in toxic work environments. Her work has been published in Academy of Management Review, Journal of Organizational Behavior, and Decision Sciences and others.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Randall, D.M. Taking stock: Can the theory of reasoned action explain unethical conduct?. J Bus Ethics 8, 873–882 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384531

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384531

Keywords

Navigation