Summary
In six rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta.) the effect of repetitive periods of whole-field optokinetic stimulation upon the different phases of Optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied. The preceding optokinetic stimulus consisted of rotating a striped cylinder around the stationary monkey. Experiments were performed on up to 8 successive days. The results demonstrate that OKAN I and OKAN II are affected in a reverse manner by repeated optokinetic stimulation: The duration of OKAN I strongly decreases, whereas OKAN II increases in duration and intensity. The mechanisms underlying the generation of OKAN I and OKAN II and the role of OKAN II in the habituation process are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Bei sechs Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta) wurden die Effekte repetitiver optokinetischer Reizung auf die verschiedenen Phasen des optokinetischen Nachnystagmus (OKAN) untersucht. Ein vertikales, schwarzweißes Streifenmuster wurde an 6–8 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mehrere Male um den stationären Affen gedreht. Die Befunde zeigen entgegengesetzte Effekte optokinetischer Reize auf den primären (OKAN I) und den sekundären OKAN (OKAN II): Während der OKAN I stark verkürzt wird, nimmt der OKAN II sowohl an Intensität wie auch an Dauer zu. Die für die Bildung von OKAN I und OKAN II verantwortlichen Mechanismen sowie die Rolle des OKAN II bei der Habituation werden diskutiert.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bond, H. W., Ho, P.: Solid miniature silver-silver chloride electrodes for chronic implantations. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 28, 206–208 (1970)
Brandt, Th., Dichgans, J., Büchele, W.: Motion habituation: Inverted self-motion perception and optokinetic after-nystagmus. Exp. Brain Res. 21, 337–352 (1974)
Büttner, U., Waespe, W., Henn, V.: Duration and direction of optokinetic after-nystagmus as a function of stimulus exposure time in the monkey. Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 222, 281–291 (1976)
Cohen, B., Matsuo, V., Raphan, Th.: Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus. J. Physiol. 270, 321–344 (1977)
Collewijn, H.: Optokinetic eye movements in the rabbit: input-output-relations. Vision Res. 9, 117–132 (1969)
Collins, W. E.: Habituation of vestibular nystagmus: An overview. 5th Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration, NASA, sp-314, 157–193 (1973)
Collins, W. E.: Habituation of vestibular responses with and without visual stimulation. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiol. Vol. VI/2, part 2 (Kornhuber, H. H., ed.), pp. 369–388. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974
Crampton, G. H.: Habituation of ocular nystagmus of vestibular origin. In: The Oculomotor System (Bender, M. B., ed.), pp. 332–346. New York: Harper & Row 1964
Hallpike, C. S., Hood, J. D.: Fatigue and adaptation of the cupular mechanism of the human horizontal semicircular canal: An experimental investigation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.], Ser. B 141, 542–561 (1953)
Hood, J. D., Pfaltz, C. R.: Observations upon the effects of repeated stimulation upon rotational and caloric nystagmus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 124, 130–144 (1954)
Howard, J. P., Templeton, W. B.: Human spatial orientation, pp. 97–138. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1966
Jeannerod, M., Magnin, M., Schmid, R., Stefanelli, M.: Vestibular habituation to angular velocity steps in the cat. Biol. Cybern. 22, 38–48 (1976)
Koerner, F., Schiller, P. H.: The optokinetic response under open- and closed-loop conditions in monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 14, 318–330 (1972)
Komatsuzaki, A., Harris, H. E., Alpert, J., Cohen, B.: Horizontal nystagmus of the rhesus monkeys. Acta Otolaryngol. 67, 535–551 (1969)
Krieger, H. P., Bender, M. B.: Optokinetic after-nystagmus in the monkey. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 8, 97–106 (1956)
Kris, C.: Corneo-fundal variations during light and dark adaptation. Nature 182, 1027–1028 (1958)
Mackensen, G., Wiegmann, O.: Untersuchungen zur Physiologie des optokinetischen Nachnystagmus. I. Mitteilung. Die Abhängigkeit des optokinetischen Nachnystagmus von der Drehrichtung und der Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Reizmusters. Albrecht von Graefes Arch. Klin. Ophthalmol. 160, 479–509 (1959)
Ohm, J.: Zur Augenzitterkunde. 7. Mitteilung. Der optische Drehnachnystagmus. Albrecht von Graefes Arch. Klin. Ophthalmol. 118, 103–117 (1927)
Ter Braak, J. W. G.: Untersuchungen über optokinetischen Nystagmus. Arch. Neerl. Physiol. 21, 309–376 (1936)
Waespe, W., Henn, V.: Neuronal activity in the vestibular nuclei of the alert monkey during vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. Exp. Brain Res. 27, 523–538 (1977a)
Waespe, W., Henn, V.: Vestibular nuclei activity during optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) in the alert monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 30, 323–330 (1977b)
Zee, L. R., Yee, R. D., Robinson, D. A.: Optokinetic responses in labyrinthine-defective human beings. Brain Res. 113, 423–428 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported in part by the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research 3.672-0.77 and the European Training Program for Brain and Behavior Research
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Waespe, W., Henn, V. Reciprocal changes in primary and secondary optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) produced by repetitive optokinetic stimulation in the monkey. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 225, 23–30 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367349
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367349