Skip to main content
Log in

A transducer function for threshold and suprathreshold human vision

  • Published:
Biological Cybernetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A nonlinear function is derived to describe the contrast transduction process for human visual mechanisms. This function is sigmoid in form, having an accelerating nonlinearity at low contrasts and a compressive nonlinearity at high contrasts. The resulting formulation is consistent with both signal detection theory and with Quick's (1974) equation for probability summation. Similarities between the present description of human vision and properties of complex cells in cat visual cortex are noted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bergen, J.B., Wilson, H.R., Cowan, J.D.: Further evidence for four mechanisms mediating vision at threshold: sensitivities to complex gratings and aperiodic stimuli. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1580–1587 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fechner, G.: Elements of psychophysics. Adler, H.E. (ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Giese, S.C.: A model of suprathreshold contrast perception in the human visual system. Unpublished dissertation, University of Chicago 1977

  • Green, D.M., Swets, J.A.: Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, D.H.: Theory of flicker and transient responses. II. Counterphase gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 632–640 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • King-Smith, P.E., Kulikowski, J.J.: The detection of gratings by independent activation of line detectors. J. Physiol. (London) 247, 237–271 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulikowski, J.J., Gorea, A.: Complete adaptation to patterned stimuli: a necessary and sufficient condition for Weber's law for contrast. Vision Res. 18, 1223–1228 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Legge, G.E., Foley, J.M.: Contrast masking in human vision (submitted for publication) (1980)

  • Legge, G.E.: Spatial frequency masking in human vision: binocular interactions. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 838–847 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R.D.: Detection and recognition. In: Handbook of mathematical psychology, Vol. 1, p. 103–189. Luce, R.D., Bush, R.R., Galanter, E. (eds.). New York: John Wiley & Sons 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Maffei, L., Fiorentini, A.: The visual cortex as a spatial frequency analyser. Vision Res. 13, 1255–1268 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maudarbocus, A.Y., Ruddock, K.H.: Non-linearity of visual signals in relation to shape-sensitive adaptation responses. Vision Res. 13, 1713–1737 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Movshon, J.A., Thompson, I.D., Tolhurst, K.J.: Receptive field organization of complex cells in the cat's striate cortex. J. Physiol. (London) 283, 79–99 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachmias, J., Sansbury, R.V.: Grating contrast: discrimination may be better than detection. Vision Res. 14, 1039–1042 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachmias, J.: Signal detection theory and its applications to problems in vision. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol. VII/4: Visual psychophysics, pp. 56–78. Hurvich, L.M., Jameson, D. (eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachmias, J.: On the psychometric function for contrast detection (submitted for publication) (1980)

  • Quick, R.F.: A vector-magnitude model for contrast detection. Kybernetik 16, 65–67 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson, J.G., Graham, N.: Probability summation and regional variation in sensitivity across the visual field. Suppl. to Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science: ARVO, 1978, p. 221

  • Stromeyer, C.F., Klein, S.: Spatial frequency channels in human vision as asymmetric (edge) mechanisms. Vision Res. 14, 1409–1420 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stromeyer, C.F., Klein, S.: Evidence against narrow-band spatial frequency channels in human vision: the detectability of frequency modulated gratings. Vision Res. 15, 899–910 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Swets, J.A. (ed.): Signal detection and recognition by human observers: contemporary readings. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, W.P.: Theory of recognition. In: Signal detection and recognition by human observers, pp. 413–430. Swets, J.A. (ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.P., Barker, R.A., Gille, J.: A multidimensional space model for detection and discrimination of spatial patterns. Proceedings of the Tenths Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation. Vogt., W.G., Mickle, M.H. (eds.). Instrum. Soc. Am. 10, 201–207 (1978)

  • Williams, D.W., Wilson, H.R.: Spatial frequency adaptation and spatial probability summation (manuscript in preparation) (1980)

  • Williams, D.W., Wilson, H.R., Cowan, J.D.: Localized effects of spatial frequency adaptation (manuscript in preparation) (1980)

  • Wilson, H.R.: Hysteresis in binocular grating perception: contrast effects. Vision Res. 17, 843–851 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H.R.: Quantitative characterization of two types of line spread function near the fovea. Vision Res. 18, 971–981 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H.R.: Nonlinear interactions in binocular vision. Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation, 1979

  • Wilson, H.R.: Spatiotemporal characterization of a transient mechanism in the human visual system. Vision Res. 20, 443–452 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H.R., Bergen, J.: A four mechanism model for threshold spatial vision. Vision Res. 19, 19–32 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H.R., Cowan, J.D.: Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons. Biophys. J. 12, 1–24 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H.R., Cowan, J.D.: A mathematical theory of the functional dynamics of cortical and thalamic nervous tissue. Kybernetik 13, 55–80 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wilson, H.R. A transducer function for threshold and suprathreshold human vision. Biol. Cybernetics. 38, 171–178 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337406

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337406

Keywords

Navigation