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Über eine „chemorezeptive“ Sinneszelle in der Trachea der Ratte

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Summary

In the tracheal epithelium of adult rats “Brush Border Cells” are found arranged in pairs. Their special structures are narrowly placed and very regular microvilli, the axial filaments of which continue between a number of apical vesicles inside of the cell, without ending in a terminal web. The Golgi apparatus is situated supranuclear; the mitochondria are longitudinally oriented. Ribosomes are free or attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore there are single and aggregated granules of glycogen and lipid droplets.

Along their lateral surface the brush border cells contact initial nerve fibres which contain numerous vesicles, mitochondria, microtubuli and endoplasmatic reticulum.

In 14 day-old rats there are found initial nerve fibres in the undifferenciated epithelium. They contain numerous mitochondria with longitudinally oriented cristae. The dendritic branches partly envelope cells that are arranged in pairs like the brush border cells, and also show their typical cytoplasmatic structure. The brush border is missing, since these cells do not reach the free surface of the mucosa. Besides small mitochondria, filaments and numerous ribosomes they contain small accumulations of vesicles (synaptic vesicles) beneath the plasma membrane, on places which lie opposite of a thickened dendritic plasmalemma (postsynaptic membrane).

The morphological characteristics of the brush border cells allow to assume that they are chemoreceptors. They make contact with dendrites and form afferent synapses respectively epithelio-neural junctions.

Ciliated, goblet and replacement cells are innervated, too. They form contacts with telodendrites, that are efferent synapses or neuro-epithelial junctions and contain structures as they are widely spread in the autonomous nerve system.

Zusammenfassung

Im Epithel der Trachea der erwachsenen Ratte finden sich paarweise angeordnete „Bürstenzellen“. Ihre strukturellen Besonderheiten sind eng stehende, sehr gleichmäßige Mikrovilli, deren axiale Filamente sich zwischen zahlreichen apikalen Vesikeln innerhalb des Zellkörpers fortsetzen, ohne in einem Terminalgespinst zu enden. Der Golgi-Apparat liegt supranukleär; die Mitochondrien sind längs gerichtet. Außerdem liegen im Zellkörper freie oder an den Membranen des endoplasmatischen Retikulums adsorbierte Ribosomen, einzelne und aggregierte Glykogengranula sowie Fett in Tröpfchenform.

Die Bürstenzellen treten entlang ihrer seitlichen Oberfläche mit initialen Nervenfasern in Kontakt, die zahlreiche Vesikel, Mitochondrien, Mikrotubuli und endoplasmatisches Retikulum enthalten.

Bei 14 Tage alten Ratten finden sich im noch nicht ausdifferenzierten Epithel initiale Fasern mit einer größeren Anzahl dichter Mitochondrien, die meist längs orientierte Cristae zeigen. Die dendritischen Verzweigungen umhüllen teilweise Zellen, die wie die Bürstenzellen paarweise angeordnet sind und deren cytoplasmatische Struktur besitzen. Der Bürstensaum fehlt, da diese Zellen nicht die freie Oberfläche der Schleimhaut erreichen. Neben kleinen Mitochondrien, Filamenten und zahlreichen Ribosomen enthalten sie unter der Plasmamembran kleine Anhäufungen von Vesikeln (synaptische Vesikel), die gegenüber einer Verdickung (postsynaptische Membran) des dendritischen Plasmalemms liegen.

Die morphologische Charakteristika der Bürstenzellen lassen vermuten, daß sie Chemorezeptoren sind. Sie treten in Kontakt mit Dendriten und bilden afferente Synapsen bzw. epithelio-neurale Verbindungen.

Auch Flimmerzellen, Schleim- und Ersatzzellen sind reichlich innerviert. Sie weisen Kontakte mit Telodendriten auf, die efferente Synapsen oder neuro-epitheliale Verbindungen darstellen und Strukturen zeigen, wie sie im autonomen Nervensystem weit verbreitet sind.

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  1. Institut für Biophysik und Elektronenmikroskopie der Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    L. Luciano, E. Reale & H. Ruska

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Luciano, L., Reale, E. & Ruska, H. Über eine „chemorezeptive“ Sinneszelle in der Trachea der Ratte. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung 85, 350–375 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328847

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