Summary
The present paper describes an electron microscope investigation of the ultrastructure of native collagen fibrils with negative and positive staining techniques.
After negative staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) the subfilaments composing the fibrils were well discernible and had a diameter of 15–30 Å. The period of the collagen fibrils in these specimens had a length of about 700 Å and consisted of alternating regions of high and low density (as estimated by accessibility to PTA). The dense regions (here called A-regions) were identified with the bands as defined in earlier studies based on positive staining.
An attempt is made to correlate the electron microscopic observations with X-ray diffraction data on native collagen fibrils. Patterson vectors from X-ray intensity data on collagen are tentatively identified with definite spacings in the negative staining picture of collagen fibrils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bear, R. S.: X-ray diffraction studies on collagen fibers. I. The large fiber axis period of collagen. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 66, 1297–1305 (1944).
—: The structure of collagen fibrils. Advanc. Protein Chem. 7, 69–160 (1952).
- Configuration of collagen and gelatin molecules in condensed and dispersed states. In: Fibrous proteins and their biological significance, S. E. B. Symposia, IX, pp. 97–114. Cambridge 1955.
—, and R. S. Morgan: The composition of -bands and interbands of collagen fibrils. In: Connective tissue, Symposium, ed. R. E. Tunbridge, pp. 321–333. London: Blackwell 1957.
Boedtker, H., and P. Doty: On the nature of the structural element of collagen. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 77, 248–249 (1955).
—: The native and denatured states of soluble collagen. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 4267–4280 (1956).
Bolduan, O. E. A., and R. S. Bear: Unidirectional nature of the large periodic structure of collagen fibrils. J. Polymer Sci. 5, 159–168 (1950).
—: General nature of the extension of structure transverse to collagen fibril axes. J. Polymer Sci. 6, 271–284 (1951).
Brenner, S., and R. W. Horne: A negative staining method for high resolution electron microscopy of viruses. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 34, 103–110 (1959).
Cowan, P. M., A. C. T. North and J. T. Randall: X-ray diffraction studies of collagen fibres. In: Fibrous proteins and their biological significance, S. E. B. Symposia, IX, pp. 115–126. Cambridge 1955.
Dettmer, N., u. W. Schwarz: Die qualitative elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung von Stoffen mit der Gruppe CHOH-CHOH. Ein Beitrag zur Elektronenfärbung. Z. wiss. Mikr. 61, 423–429 (1952/53).
Doty, P., and T. Nishihara: The molecular properties and thermal stability of soluble collagen. In: Recent advances in gelatin and glue research, ed. G. Stainsby, pp. 92–99. New York: Pergamon Press 1958.
Grassmann, W., U. Hofmann, K. Kühn, H. Hörmann, H. Endres and K. Wolf: Electron microscope and chemical studies of the carbohydrate groups of collagen. In: Connective tissue, Symposium, ed. R. E. Tunbridge, pp. 157–171. London: Blackwell 1957.
Gray, E. G.: Electron microscopy of collagen-like connective tissue fibrils of an insect. Proc. roy. Soc. B 150, 233–239 (1959).
Gustavson, K. H.: The chemistry and reactivity of collagen, pp. 87–101. New York: 1956. Academic Press. Inc. 1956.
Hall, C. E.: Visualization of individual macromolecules with the electron microscope. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 42, 801–806 (1956).
—, and P. Doty: A comparison between the dimensions of some macromolecules determined by electron microscopy and by physical chemical methods. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 80, 1269–1274 (1958).
Hodge, A. J., and J. A. Petruska: Some recent results on the electron microscopy of tropocollagen structures. In: Proc. of the fifth Internat. Congr. for Electron Microscopy, ed. S. S. Breese jr., vol. 2, p. QQ-13. New York and London: Academic Press 1962.
—, and F. O. Schmitt: The charge profile of the tropocollagen macromolecule and the packing arrangement in native type collagen fibrils. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 46, 187–197 (1960).
Hofmann, U., u. K. Kühn: Kollagen. In: Proc. European Conf. Electron microscopy, 1st Conf., Stockholm 1956, pp. 220–223.
—, Th. Nemetschek u. W. Grassmann: Über die Querstreifung von Kollagenfibrillen und ihre Veränderung im Elektronenmikroskop. Z. Naturforsch. 7 b, 509–513 (1952).
Huxley, H. E., and E. Zubay: Electron microscope observations on the structure of microsomal particles from E.C. J. molec. Biol. 2, 10–18 (1960).
Kaesberg, P., and M. M. Shurman: Further evidence concerning the periodic structure of collagen. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 11, 1–6 (1953).
Kühn, K., W. Grassmann u. U. Hofmann: Die elektronenmikroskopische „Anfärbung“ des Kollagens und die Ausbildung einer hochunterteilten Querstreifung. Z. Naturforsch. 13 b, 154–160 (1958).
Nemetschek, Th., W. Grassmann u. U. Hofmann: Über die hochunterteilte Querstreifung des Kollagens. Z. Naturforsch, 10 b, 61–68 (1955).
Pahlke, G.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Interzellularsubstanz des menschlichen Sehnengewebes. Z. Zellforsch. 39, 421–430 (1954).
Randall, J. T., F. Booth, R. E. Bürge, S. Fitton Jackson and F. C. Kelly: Observations on native and precipitated collagen. In: Fibrous proteins and their biological significance, S.E.B. Symposia, IX., pp. 127–147. Cambridge 1955.
Rougvie, M. A., and R. S. Bear: An X-ray diffraction investigation of swelling by collagen J. Amer. Leath. Chem. Ass. 48, 735–751 (1953).
Schmitt, F. O., and J. Gross: Further progress in the electron microscopy of collagen. J. Amer. Leath. chem. Ass. 43, 658–673 (1948).
Tomlin, S. G.: On the structure of collagen fibres. In: Proc. Internat. Wool Textile Res. Conf., Australia B, 1955, pp. 187–192.
—, and C. R. Worthington: Low angle X-ray diffraction patterns of collagen. Proc. roy. Soc. A 235, 189–201 (1956).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study was supported by grant B-2215 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Public Health Service, USA. This aid is gratefully acknowledged.
The author was supported by a Student research fellowship from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities.
I am indebted to Mrs. J. L. Vaaland, Mr. B. V. Johansen and Mr. E. Risnes for technical assistence. Particular thanks are due to Prosector T. W. Blackstad, M. D., for his continued support and great interest in the work and for his kind assistence in preparing the manuscript.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olsen, B.R. Electron microscope studies on collagen. Z. Zellforsch. 59, 184–198 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320444
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320444