Summary
The pacemakers responsible for initiation of swimming contractions in cubomedusae are located in the four rhopalia. Interneuronal synapses occur between the rhopalial ganglia and the retina cells of lens and cup eyes on one side and the cells of the marginal nerve ring on the other side. Neurites pass from the nerve ring to the neurons of the subumbrellar nerve net synapsing onto muscle cells. The pacemaker system (rhopalial ganglion) is composed of neurons (ganglion cells) containing Nissl's granules. Numerous neurons (interneurons and motoneurons) and nerve fibers make up the nerve ring, most of them oriented parallel to its circular path. While all interneural synaptic contacts are symmetrical, the neuromuscular synapses and contacts between retina cells are asymmetrical (=polarized).
Zusammenfassung
Für die Schirmpulsation der Cubomedusen sind vier in den Rhopalien gelegene Schrittmacher-Zentren verantwortlich. Diese sind einerseits mit den Retinazellen der Linsen- und Grubenaugen, andererseits über die Rhopalarstiel-Nerven mit dem marginalen Ringnerven synaptisch verschaltet, der seinerseits über ein diffuses Netzwerk aus subumbrellaren Neuronen die quergestreifte Schwimm-Muskulatur innerviert. Das Schrittmacher-Zentrum (=Rhopalarganglion) besteht aus Nissl-Schollen-haltigen Ganglienzellen, der Ringnerv aus charakteristischen Inter- und Motoneuronen. Während alle interneuronalen Synapsen symmetrisch gebaut sind, treten zwischen den Retinazellen und zwischen den Motoneuronen und Epithel-Muskelzellen ausschließlich polar gebaute Synapsen auf.
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Abbreviations
- CG :
-
Centrogaster
- ED :
-
Epidermis
- EMZ :
-
Epithelmuskelzelle
- EU :
-
Exumbrella
- GD :
-
Gastrodermis
- GT :
-
Gastraltasche
- GZ :
-
Ganglienzelle
- IJ :
-
Intermediäre Junktion
- LA :
-
Linsenauge
- M :
-
Mitochondrium
- Ma :
-
Manubrium
- MF :
-
Myofibrille
- MG :
-
Mesogloea
- N :
-
Nukleus
- Ne :
-
Neurit
- NG :
-
Nervengeflecht
- NV :
-
Neurosekretvesikel
- NZ :
-
Nervenzelle
- Pr :
-
Präsynaptisches Element
- Rh :
-
Rhopalium
- RG :
-
Rhopalarganglion
- RN :
-
Ringnerv
- RZ :
-
Retinazelle
- S :
-
Statocyste
- SN :
-
Stielnerv
- SS :
-
Synaptischer Spalt
- SU :
-
Subumbrella
- T :
-
Tentakel
- Ve :
-
Velum
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Die Arbeit wurde durch Mittel der DFG gefördert. Unser besonderer Dank gebührt Herrn Dr. B. Werner (Biologische Anstalt Helgoland in Hamburg) für die Überlassung des wertvollen Versuchsmaterials sowie seine Anregungen und beratende Hilfe
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Laska, G., Hündgen, M. Die Ultrastruktur des neuromuskulären Systems der Medusen von Tripedalia cystophora und Carybdea marsupialis (Coelenterata, Cubozoa). Zoomorphology 104, 163–170 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312135
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312135