Skip to main content
Log in

Ultrastruktur der Statocyste von Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862) (Nemertini)

Ultrastructure of the Statocyst of Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862) (Nemertini)

  • Published:
Zoomorphology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862) has two statocysts, which are situated just behind the dorsal ganglions on the elongations of the ventral ganglions. Each statocyst consists of one statolith chamber cell, some nerve cells and a number of covering cells and is surrounded by a thick basement membrane. Usually the statolith chamber cell encloses three statolith chambers, which are intercommunicated and surrounded by a double membrane. Each chamber contains a single mobile statolith. Cilia and ciliary structures are lacking. Within the dorsal part of the statocyst some very ramified nerve cells are situated, which form a nerve fibre. In the vicinity of the statolith chamber cell the nerve cells split up into synaptical plates with electric synapses; there are one or several synaptical plates at the level of each chamber. The statolith chamber cell is surrounded by numerous covering cells, which are connected by desmosomes and additionally linked together at the outside in the ventral part of the statocyst. With regard to their structure the covering cells differ greatly from the other cell types, and they do not participate in impulse perception and impulse conduction. There do not exist any closer morphological relations to the statocysts lacking cilia in Coelenterates, Turbellaria, Holothuria, Xenoturbella and Tunicata. The statocyst of O. pallida represents an indigenous structure within the Nemerteans.

Zusammenfassung

Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862) hat zwei Statocysten, die unmittelbar hinter den Dorsalganglien auf den verlängerten Ventralganglien liegen. Jede Statocyste besteht aus einer Statolithenkammerzelle, mehreren Nervenzellen und einer Anzahl Hüllzellen und ist von einer dicken Basalmembran umgeben. Die Statolithenkammerzelle umschließt in der Regel drei Statolithenkammern, die von einer doppelten Membran umgeben sind und untereinander in Verbindung stehen. Sie enthalten je einen frei beweglichen Statolithen. Cilien und Ciliarstrukturen fehlen. Auf der Dorsalseite der Statocyste liegen mehrere stark verästelte Nervenzellen, die einen gemeinsamen Strang bilden. In der Nähe der Statolithenkammerzelle spalten sie sich auf und bilden pro Kammer eine oder mehrere synaptische Platten mit elektrischen Synapsen. Die Statolithenkammerzelle wird von zahlreichen Hüllzellen umgeben, die durch Desmosomen fest verbunden und zusätzlich in der ventralen Hälfte der Statocyste an den Außenseiten stark miteinander verzahnt sind. Die Hüllzellen unterscheiden sich im Aufbau deutlich von den beiden anderen Zelltypen und sind nicht an der Reizperzeption oder Reizleitung beteiligt. Zu den cilienlosen Statocysten bei Coelenteraten, Turbellarien, Holothurien, Xenoturbella und Tunicaten-Larven bestehen keine engeren morphologischen Beziehungen. Die Statocyste von O. pallida stellt eine Bildung sui generis innerhalb der Nemertinen dar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

bm:

Basalmembran

d:

Dendrit

de:

Desmosom

dg:

Dorsalganglion

dm:

doppelte Membran der Statolithenkammer

ds:

deltaförmige Strukturen

ep:

Epidermis

es:

elektrische Synapse

hms:

Hautmuskelschlauch

hz:

Hüllzelle

k:

Zellkern

m:

Mitochondrium

ma:

abgewandeltes Mitochondrium

mu:

Muskulatur

n:

Nervenstrang

nv:

Neurosekretvesikel

nz:

Nervenzelle

rs:

Rüsselscheide

sc:

Statocyste

sk:

Statolithenkammer

skz:

Statolithenkammerzelle

sp:

synaptische Platte

st:

Statolith

v:

Vakuole

vg:

Ventralganglion

Literatur

  • Barber VC (1968) The structure of Mollusc statocysts, with particular reference to Cephalopods. Symp Zool Soc London 23:37–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Budelmann BU (1976) Equilibrium receptor system in Molluscs. In: Mill PJ (ed) Structure and function of proprioceptors in the invertebrates. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 529–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Budelmann BU (1978) The function of the equilibrium receptor systems of Cephalopods. Proceedings of The Neurootological And Equilibriometric Society, Vol. VI (1):15–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD (1972) Statocyst lacking cilia in the Coelenterate Corymorpha palma. Nature 238:49–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dilly N (1961) Electron microscope observations of the receptors in the sensory vesicle of the ascidian tadpole. Nature 191:786–787

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrero E (1973) A fine structural analysis of the statocyst in Turbellaria Acoela. Zool Scripta 2:5–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Germer T, Hündgen M (1978) The biology of colonial hydroids. II. The morphology and ultrastructure of the medusa of Eirene viridula (Thecata-Leptomedusa: Campanulinidae). Marine Biology 50:81–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerner L (1969) Nemertinen der Gattungen Cephalothrix und Ototyphlonemertes aus dem marinen Mesopsammal. Helgoländer Wiss Meeresunters 19:68–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Geuze JJ (1968) Observations on the function and the structure of the statocysts of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Netherlands J Zool 18:155–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson R (1972) Nemerteans. Hutchinson, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Horridge GA (1969) Statocysts of medusae and evolution of stereocilia. Tissue Cell 1:341–353

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horridge GA (1974) Recent studies on the Ctenophora. In: Lenhoff HM, Muscatine L (eds) Coelenterate Biology. Academic Press, London New York San Francisco, pp 439–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov VP, Mamkaev YV, Pevzner RA (1972) Electron microscopic study of the statocyst of Convoluta convoluta, a turbellaria of the order Acoela. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, 8:189–193. Übersetzung: Consultants Bureau, New York (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharkeevitch TA, Titova LK (1974) Electron microscope studies of the structural organisation of statocyst of Arenicola marina. Z Mikroskop-Anat Forsch 88:382–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirsteuer E (1977) Remarks on taxonomy and geographic distribution of the genus Ototyphlonemertes Diesing (Nemertina, Monostilifera). Mikrofauna Meeresboden 61:167–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Mock H (1978) Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862). Mikrofauna Meeresboden 67:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Mock H, Schmidt P (1975) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XIII. Ototyphlonemertes Diesing (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini). Mikrofauna Meeresboden 51:1–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisinger E (1960) Was ist Xenoturbella? Z Wiss Zool 164:188–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahata M, Hisada M (1979) Functional polarisation of statocyst receptors in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard. J Comp Physiol 130:201–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinnikov YA (1969) Statocysts of Cephalopods. In: Bourne GH (ed) The structure and function of nervous tissue. Academic Press, London New York, pp 362–392

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brüggemann, J., Ehlers, U. Ultrastruktur der Statocyste von Ototyphlonemertes pallida (Keferstein, 1862) (Nemertini). Zoomorphology 97, 75–87 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310103

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310103

Navigation