Abstract
Five strains of obligate anaerobic sulfur-reducing eubacteria that exclusively use acetate as energy and carbon source have been enriched and isolated from anoxic sulfide-containing freshwater mud. The strains were unable to grow in the presence of 2% NaCl. Morphologically the strains were not uniform, cells were either rod-shaped or elongated ovoid. All strains were flagellated with a single polar to subpolar flagellum. They stained gram-negative. Two of the strains were studied in detail. Malate or fumarate was used alternatively to elemental sulfur as electron acceptor. The capacity to grow on acetate as sole organic substrate and to reduce elemental sulfur or polysulfide to sulfide are traits in common with the genus Desulfuromonas. The strains differ from Desulfuromonas acetoxidans by their freshwater origin, morphology, metabolic specialization and their DNA base ratio. Therefore we consider the new isolates as a new species for which the name Desulfuromonas acetexigens is proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonch-OsmolovskayaEA, SokolovaTG, KostrikinaNA, ZavarzinGA (1990) Desulfurella acetivorans gen. nov. and sp. nov. a new thermophilic sulfur-reducing eubacterium. Arch Microbiol 153: 151–155
BoulegueJ (1978) Solubility of elemental sulfur in water at 298 K. Phosphorus Sulfur 5: 127–128
FowlerVJ, WiddelF, PfennigN, WoeseCR, StackebrandtE (1986) Phylogenetic relationship sulfate- and sulfur-reducing eubacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 8: 32–41
HeijtuisenJHFG, HansenTA (1989) Betaine fermentation and oxidation by marine Desulfuromonas strains. Appl. Environ Microbiol 55: 965–969
LaanbroekHJ, PfennigN (1981) Oxidation of short-chain fatty acids by sulfate-reducing bacteria in freshwater and marine sediments. Arch Microbiol 128: 330–335
LaanbroekHJ, StalLJ, VeldkampH (1978) Utilization of hydrogen and formate by Campylobacter spec under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Arch Microbiol 119: 99–102
MarmurJ, DotyP (1962) Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 5: 109–118
PfennigN (1978) Rhodocyclus purpureus gen. nov. and sp. nov., a ring-shaped, vitamin B12-requiring member of the family Rhodospirillaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28: 283–288
PfennigN, BieblH (1976) Desulfuromonas acetoxidans gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new anaerobic, sulfur-reducing, acetate-oxidizing bacterium. Arch Microbiol 110: 3–12
SchuhmacherW, KroneckPMHG, PfennigN (1992) Comparative systematic study on “Spirillum” 5175, Campylobacter and Wolinela species. Description of “Spirillum” 5175 as Sulfurospirillum deleyianum gen. nov. and sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 158: 287–293
WiddelF (1988) Microbiology and ecology of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In: ZehnderAJB (ed) Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. Wiley, New York, pp 469–585
WiddelF, HansenTA (1992) The dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In: BalowsA, TrüperHG, DworkinM, HarderW, SchleiferKH (eds) the prokaryotes, 2nd edn, vol 1. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 583–624
WiddelF, PfennigN (1977) A new anaerobic, sporing acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfotomaculum (emend.) acetoxidans. Arch Microbiol 112: 119–122
WiddelF, PfennigN (1984) Dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In: HoltJG, KriegNR (eds) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London, pp 663–679
WiddelF, PfennigN (1992) The genus Desulfuromonas and other gram-negative sulfur-reducing eubacteria. In: BalowsA, TrüperHG, DworkinM, HarderW, SchleiferKH (eds) The prokaryotes, 2nd edn, vol 4. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 3379–3389
WolfeRS, PfennigN (1977) Reduction of sulfur by Spirillum 5175 and syntrophism with Chlorobium. Appl Environ Microbiol 33: 427–433
ZinderSH, BrockTD (1978) Dimethyl sulfoxide as an electron acceptor for anaerobic growth. Arch Microbiol 116: 35–40
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Friedhelm Bak deceased December 1992
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Finster, K., Bak, F. & Pfennig, N. Desulfuromonas acetexigens sp. nov., a dissimilatory sulfur-reducing eubacterium from anoxic freshwater sediments. Arch. Microbiol. 161, 328–332 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303588
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303588