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Clinicopathological study on carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct with special focus on cancer invasion on the surgical margins

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Abstract

To clarify the clinical significance of the status of surgical margins, especially the dissected margin in the transverse direction, a clinicopathologic study was performed on 60 patients with carcinoma of the bile duct who underwent radical resection. The patients in group A (n=28) had no cancer invasion within 5 mm of the dissected margiu in the transverse direction. They had a higher incidence of the well differentiated type of carcinoma and a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis and microscopic tumor extension than the patients in group B. Group B (n=32) included patients with cancer involvement within 5 mm of the dissected margin in the transverse direction. Some group A patients were found to have advanced carcinoma of the lower bile duct, but they were the only ones whose lesions were at an early stage (e.g., lesion restricted to subserosal involvement or less) among those with carcinoma of the hepatic duct and the upper and middle bile ducts. Local recurrence was found to occur more frequently as the tumor approached the liver, and the incidence of local recurrence was significantly higher in patients in group B than in group A (75.0% versus 28.5%). These results indicate that patients with cancer invasion within 5 mm of the surgical margin develop early recurrence of tumor even after conventional radical resection and that further radical dissection of the hepatoduodenal ligament with hepatectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy may be required to improve survival for these cases.

Résumé

Afin d'évaluer la signification de l'état des marges de résection des voies biliaires, une analyse clinicopathologique a été effectuée chez 60 patients ayant eu une résection radicale d'un carcinome des voies biliaires. Les patients du groupe A (n=28) c'est-à-dire sans envahissement à moins de 5 mm de la marge de section, avaient plus fréquemment un cancer de type bien différencié et avaient moins d'envahissement ganglionnaire lymphatique et moins d'extension microscopique, comparés aux patients du groupes B (n=32), c'est-à-dire ceux ayant un envahissement à moins de 5 mm de la marge de la coupe. Parmi les patients du groupe A, il y avait des cas de cancer avancé de la partie inférieure de la voie biliaire principale (les patients atteints d'un cancer au début localisé ainsi n'appartenaient qu'à ce groupe), des canaux hépatiques, de la partie supérieure et moyenne du cholédoque. La récidive locale était plus fréquente lorsque la tumeur primitive était près du foie et elle était significativement plus élevée dans le groupe B par rapport au groupe A (75.0% vs. 28.5%). Ces résultats indiquent que lorsque l'on trouve un envahissement à moins de 5 mm de la marge de section des voies biliaires, la récidive locale est plus féquente, même si la résection paraissait radicale. Dans ces cas, il faut discuter d'une résection complémentaire du pédicule hépatique associée soit à une hépatectomie soit à une duodénopancréatectomie céphalique pour améliorer la survie des ces patients.

Resumen

Con el objeto de elucidar la significación clínica del estado de las márgenes quirúrgicos, especialmente del margen disecado en dirección transversa, se realizó un estudio clínico-patológico sobre 60 pacientes con carcinoma de canales biliares sometidos a resección radical. Los pacientes clasificados en el grupo A (n=28), o sea aquellos que no presentaban invasión tumoral dentro de los 5 mm del borde disecado en el sentido transverso, registraron una más alta incidencia del carcinoma del tipo bien diferenciado, y una menor incidencia de metástasis ganglionares y de extensión tumoral microscópica, en comparación con los del grupo B (n=32), o sea aquellos con tumor a 5 mm del borde disecado en el sentido transverso. Los pacientes del grupo A fueron hallados aun en casos avanzados de carcinoma de la via biliar inferior, en tanto que comprendían solo aquellos casos que se hallaban en fases tempranas, tales como los restringidos a extensión subserosa o menos, en carcinoma del canal hepático, del colédoco proximal o del colédoco medio. La recidiva local fue más frecuente en la medida que el tumor se ubicaba más hacia la dirección hepática, y la incidencia de recidiva local fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes del grupo B que en los del grupo A (75% vs. 28.5%). Estos resultados indican que los casos que exhiben invasión tumoral a 5 mm del margen resección radical convencional, y que tal vez se requiera disección radical más amplia del ligamento hepatoduodenal con hepatectomía y/o duodenectomía para melorar la sobrevida.

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Ogura, Y., Takahashi, K., Tabata, M. et al. Clinicopathological study on carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct with special focus on cancer invasion on the surgical margins. World J. Surg. 18, 778–784 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298931

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