Skip to main content
Log in

Isolation of the mini insertions IS6 and IS7 of E. coli

  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The mini IS elements IS6 and IS7 have been detected in constitutive gal + revertants of galOP-308::IS2 (I), in which the expression of the gal operon is turned off by IS2 in orientation I. Both, IS6 and IS7, are integrated into IS2 proximal to the gal structural genes. IS6 is 115 base pairs long and causes 50% constitutive expression of the gal genes. IS7 is only 65 base pairs long and the gal operon is expressed 20% constitutively compared to the gal + wild type operon. Both IS6 and IS7 are excised frequently, in the absence of selective pressure. These findings are discussed with respect to the evolution of gene expression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Borck, K., Beggs, Jean D., Brammar, W.J., Hopkins, A.S., Murray, N.E.: The construction in vitro of transducing derivatives of phage λ. Molec. gen. Genet. 146, 199 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S.N., Chang, A.C.Y., Boyer, H.W., Helling, R.B.: Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3240 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, H., Simon, M., Davidson, N.: Electron microscope heteroduplex methods for mapping regions of base sequence homology in nucleic acid. In: Methods in enzymology (Eds. Grossman, L., Moldave, K.) vol. 21, p. 413. New York: Acad. Press 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, H.J., Saedler, H., Starlinger, P.: Insertion mutation in the control region of the galactose operon of E. coli. II. Physical characterization of the mutation. Molec. gen. Genet. 115, 266 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Helling R.B., Goodman, H.M., Boyer, H.W.: Analysis of endonuclease R. EcoRI fragments of DNA from lambdoid bacteriophages and other viruses by agarose gel electrophoresis. J. Virol. 14, 1235 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, S., Ohtsubo, E., Davidson, N.: Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among bacterial plasmids. XI. The structure of F13 and related F-primes. J. Bacteriol. 122, 749 (1975a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, S., Ohtsubo, E., Davidson, N., Saedler, H.: Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among bacterial plasmids. XII. Identification and mapping of the insertion sequence IS1 and IS2 in F and R plasmids. J. Bacteriol 122, 764 (1975b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederberg, E.M., Cohen, S.N.: Transformation of Salmonella typhimurium by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids. J. Bacteriol. 119, 1072 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, G., Saedler, H., Venkov, P., Starlinger, P.: Two insertions in the galactose operon having different sizes but homologous DNA sequences. Molec. gen. Genet. 104, 371 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J.H.: In: Experiments in molecular genetics. p. 431. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Ptashne, K., Cohen, S.N.: Occurrence of insertion sequence (IS) regions on plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid as direct and inverted nucleotide sequence duplications. J. Bacteriol. 122, 776 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saedler, H., Starlinger, P.: 0° mutations in the galactose operon in E. coli. II. Physical characterization. Molec. gen. Genet. 100, 190 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saedler, H., Heiß, B.: Multiple copies of the insertion DNA sequences IS1 and IS2 in the chromosome of E. coli K12. Molec. gen. Genet. 122, 267 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saedler, H., Reif, H.J., Hu, S., Davidson, N.: IS2, a genetic element for turn off and turn on of gene activity in E. coli. Molec. gen. Genet. 132, 265 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saedler, H., Ghosal, D.: 28. Mosbacher Colloquium. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer Verlag (1977, in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, P.A., Hsu, Ming-Ta, Ohtsubo, E., Davidson, H.: Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among plasmids of E. coli. J. Mol. Biol. 71, 471 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, F., Besemer, J., Starlinger, P.: The isolation of IS1 and IS2 DNA. Molec. gen. Genet. 145, 145 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Starlinger, P., Saedler, H.: IS elements in microorganisms. in: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. Vol. 75, p. 111. Berlin: Springer Verlag 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Streeck, R.E., Hobom, G.: Mapping of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases in λdv plasmids. Eur. J. Biochem. 57, 595 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by W. Arber

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghosal, D., Saedler, H. Isolation of the mini insertions IS6 and IS7 of E. coli . Molec. Gen. Genet. 158, 123–128 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268304

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268304

Keywords

Navigation