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Atlanto-axial subluxation in down's syndrome

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Summary

Atlanto-axial subluxation, which was causing symptoms in eight patients with Down's syndrome, was treated by operation. In every case various congenital bony anomalies were found. Marked myelopathy was present in four cases of ossiculum terminale, and mild myelopathy in one with anteroposterior spondyloschisis. Successful posterior arthrodesis was performed from C1 to C2 in six cases, and from the occiput to C2 in the other two patients with anteroposterior spondyloschisis. Excellent bony union and an overall improvement in symptoms was achieved. The follow-up period was from one year to five years and six months. Early surgical stabilization is the treatment of choice in those cases of symptomatic atlanto-axial subluxation in Down's syndrome where there are congenital osseous anomalies and generalised ligamentous laxity, and where the spinal cord is at risk.

Résumé

Huit patients (âge moyen : 10.1 ans) présentant une subluxation atloido-axoidienne avec symptômes neurologiques, relativement rare dans le syndrome de Down, ont été traités chirurgicalement. Dans tous les cas existaient diverses anomalies osseuses congénitales. Une importante myélopathie a été notée dans quatre cas avec ossiculum terminale, et une légère myélopathie dans un cas de spondyloschisis antéro-postérieur. Une arthrodèse postérieure réussie de C1 à C2 a été effectuée dans six cas, et de l'occiput à C2 dans les deux cas de spondyloschisis antéro-postérieur. Une excellente fusion osseuse et une amélioration de l'ensemble des symptômes ont été obtenues, avec un recul d'un an à cinq ans et six mois (en moyenne : trois ans et un mois après l'opération). La stabilisation chirurgicale précoce constitue le traitement de choix dans les cas de subluxation atloïdo-axoïdienne symptomatique, au cours du syndrome de Down, où il existe des anomalies osseuses congénitales, une laxité ligamentaire généralisée et où la moelle épinière elle-même est en danger.

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Shikata, J., Yamamuro, T., Mikawa, Y. et al. Atlanto-axial subluxation in down's syndrome. International Orthopaedics 13, 187–192 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268046

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