Summary
The response of groundnut cotyledons to the presence of various growth regulators in concentrations from 0.1 to 5 mg/l has been studied in detail using several genotypes of groundnut on two different media. Cotyledons with embryo axis, cultured on Blaydes' medium with cytokinins, produced shoots, in the axils of which 2–7 flower buds could be seen. The frequency of flower bud induction in general increased with increasing concentrations of cytokinins, the optimal levels being 3 mg/l of KN or 4 mg/l of BAP. Cotyledons without embryo axis, cultured on Blaydes' medium with BAP (0.5 mg/l), produced a cluster of flower buds directly, ranging in number from 8–28, without any vegetative growth. Excised embryo axes cultured on the same medium gave plantlets without flower buds. The growth regulators IAA, NAA, GA3 and ABA failed to induce flower buds in independent treatments. However, lower concentrations of IAA and NAA in combination with cytokinins exerted a positive influence on flowering. The blooming of the flower buds was facilitated on media supplemented with low concentrations of cytokinins. Six percent of the induced flowers resulted in gynophore development and ultimately formed pods when cultured under complete dark conditions in modified MS medium supplemented with kinetin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aghion-Prat D (1965) Neoformation de fleurs in vitro chez Nicotiana tabacum L. Physiol Veg 3:229–303
Annonymous (1980) ICRISAT Research Highlights, Hyderabad, India
Blaydes DF (1966) Interaction of kinetin and various inhibitors in the growth of soybean tissue. Physiol Plant 19:748–753
Harada H (1966) Effects of photoperiod on the formation of flower buds by flower stalk sections of Cichorium intybus in tissue culture. Bot Mag 79:119–123
Fortainer EJ (1957) De beinvloeding van de bloei bij Arachis hypogaea L. Meded Landbouwhogesch Wageningen 57:1–116
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Nitsch C, Nitsch JP (1967) The induction of flowering in vitro in stem segments of Plumbago indica II. The production of reproductive buds. Planta 72:371–384
Smith BW (1950) Arachis hypogaea. Aerial flower and subterranean fruit. Am J Bot 37:802–815
Smith BW (1954) Arachis hypogaea. Reproductive efficiency. Am J Bot 41:607–616
Sugiura M (1963) Promotion of chlorophyll synthesis by kinetin. Bot Mag 76:309–310
Tanimoto S, Harada H (1981) Effects of IAA, zeatin, ammonium nitrate, sucrose on the initiation and development of floral buds in Torenia stem segments cultures in vitro. Plant Cell Physiol 22:1553–1560
Tran Thanh Van T (1973a) In vitro control of de-novo flower bud, root, and callus differentiation from excised epidermal tissues. Nature 264:44–45
Tran Thanh Van M (1973b) Direct flower neoformation from superficial tissue of small expiants of Nicotiana tabacum L. Planta 115:87–92
Wardell WL, Skoog F (1969) Flower formation in excised tobacco stem segments. 1. Methodology and effects of plant hormones. Plant Physiol 44:1402–1406
Wozny A, Szweykowska A (1975) Effect of cytokinins and antibiotics on chloroplast development in cotyledons of Cucumis sativus. Biochem Physiol Pflanz 168:195–205
Zeevart JAD (1976) Physiology of flower formation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 27:321–348
Ziv M, Zamski E (1975) Geotropic responses and pod development in gynophore expiants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultured in vitro. Ann Bot 39:579–583
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by B. R. Murty
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narasimhulu, S.B., Reddy, G.M. In vitro flowering and pod formation from cotyledons of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Theoret. Appl. Genetics 69, 87–91 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00262546
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00262546