Summary
The effects of ancymidol, abscisic acid (ABA), uniconazole, and paclobutrazol on asparagus somatic embryogenesis were evaluated. Calli induced from seedlings of genotype G447 were transferred to embryo induction medium (MS plus 3% sucrose, 0.1 mg L−1 NAA, 0.5 mg L−1 kinetin and 3% gelrite), with different concentrations of these compounds. After 8 weeks, the recovered bipolar or globular embryos were placed on germination medium (MS plus 6% sucrose, 0.1 mg L−1 NAA, 0.1 mg L−1 kinetin, 0.75 mg L−1 ancymidol, 40 mg L−1 adenine sulphate dihydrate, 0.17 mg L−1 sodium phosphate monobasic and 3% gelrite) for conversion to plantlets. Inclusion of ancymidol, ABA, uniconazole and paclobutrazol in the embryo induction medium did not affect the total number of somatic embryos produced relative to the control without these compounds. However, ancymidol, ABA and uniconazole significantly improved embryo development by increasing the production of bipolar embryos 250–750% and decreasing that of globular embryos 8–35% relative to the control. The bipolar embryos produced with any of the four compounds in the embryo induction medium converted to plantlets at rates 700–1100% greater than the control. None of the globular embryos converted to plantlets. Ancymidol (0.75 mg L−1) and ABA (0.05 mg L−1) were the most effective treatments; 61 and 46 bipolar embryos g−1 callus were produced, and 38% and 37% of the bipolar embryos converted to plantlets, respectively. These results indicated that ancymidol, ABA, uniconazole and paclobutrazol significantly enhanced the production of asparagus somatic embryos and their conversion to plantlets, and ancymidol and ABA were more effective than uniconazole and paclobutrazol.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Ancymidol:
-
a-cyclopropyl-a(4-methoxyphenyi)-5-pyrimidine methanol
- NAA:
-
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- Paclobutrazol:
-
I-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol
- Uniconazole:
-
(E)-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-pentan-3-ol
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- GA:
-
gibberellic acid
References
Brown PH, Ho, DT-H (1986) Plant Physiol 82:801–806.
Buta JG, Spaulding DW (1991) J Plant Growth Regul 10:59–61.
Chrispeels MJ, Varner PM (1967) Nature 212:1066–1067.
Coolbaugh RC, Hamilton R (1976) Plant Physiol 57:245–248.
Coolbaugh RC, Hirano SS, West CA (1978) Plant Physiol 62:571–576.
Emons AMC, Samallo-Droppers A, Van Der Toorn C (1993) J Plant Physiol 142:597–604.
Etienne H, Montoro P, Michaux-Ferriere N, Carron MP (1993) J Exp Bot 44:1613–1619.
Finkelstein RR, Tenbarge KM, Shumway JL, Crouch ML (1985) Plant Physiol 78:630–636.
Feng XR, Wolyn DJ (1993) Plant Cell Reports 12:281–285.
Fujii J, Slade D, Rendebaugh K (1989) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25:1179–1128.
Kermode AR, Bewley JD (1987) In: Monti L, Porceddu E, (eds.). Drought resistance in plants. Physiological and genetic aspects. (Brussels: EEC), pp. 59–76.
Khunachak A, Chin CK, Le T and Giafagna T (1987) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 11:97–110.
Kunitake H, Mii M (1990) Plant Cell Reports 8:706–710.
Levi A, Sink KC (1992) Pl Cell Tissue Organ Cult 31:115–122.
Levi A, Sink KC (1991a) Plant Cell Reports 10:71–75.
Levi A, Sink KC (1991b) HortSci 26:1322–1324.
Levi A, Sink KC (1990) J Plant Physiol 137:184–189.
Meurs C, Basra AS, Karssen CM, Van Loon LC (1992) Plant Physiol 98:1484–1493.
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) Physiol Plant 15:473–497.
Quatrano RS (1987) In: Davies PJ (ed.). Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dord-recht, The Netherlands, pp. 494–514.
Redemacher W, (1989) In: Boger P and Sandmann G (eds.). Target sites of herbicide action. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton. pp. 128–145.
Reuther G, (1977) Acta Hort 78:217–224.
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1989). Statistical Methods. Eighth ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames. 503 pp.
Saito T, Nishizawa S, Nishimura S (1991) Plant Cell Repots 10:230–234.
Sankhla A, Davis TD, Sankhla D, Upadhyaya A, Joshi S (1992) Plant Cell Reports 11:368–371.
Steward FC, Mapes MO (1971) Bot Gaz 133:70–79.
Wilmar C, Hellendoorn M (1968) Nature 217:369–370.
Zeevaart JA, Creelman RA (1988) Ann Rev Plant Physiol 39:439–473.
Zimmerman JL (1993) Plant Cell 5:1411–1423.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by J. M. Widholm
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, B., Wolyn, D.J. The effects of ancymidol, abscisic acid, uniconazole and paclobutrazol on somatic embryogenesis of asparagus. Plant Cell Reports 14, 529–533 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00232789
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00232789