Summary
A combined immunocytochemical and morphometric study on the development of the prolactin (PRL) cells of the annual cyprinodont Cynolebias whitei, transferred as newly hatched larvae to water with different salinities and/or Ca2+-concentrations, was carried out. The percentage of the pituitary volume occupied by PRL cells and the affinity of PRL cells for immunocytochemical staining were used as criteria for their activity. Exposure of the larvae for one day to salt water (260 mOsm/kg) led to a significant reduction in the pituitary volume occupied by PRL cells, indicating an osmoregulatory function of PRL shortly after hatching. In fish reared in diluted artificial seawater (70 and 260 mOsm/kg) or Na+-enriched fresh water the development of PRL cells was significantly retarded, but such an effect was not observed in fish placed in Ca2+-enriched fresh water. These experiments show that in C. whitei the development and activity of PRL cells are influenced by changes in environmental osmolarity and not by changes in ambient Ca2+-concentration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ball JN, Ingleton PM (1973) Adaptive variations in prolactin secretion in relation to external salinity in the teleost Poecilia latipinna. Gen Comp Endocrinol 20:312–325
Ball JN, Uchiyama M, Pang PKT (1982) Pituitary responses to calcium deprivation in an euryhaline teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus, adapted to artificial sea water. Gen Comp Endocrinol 46:480–485
Dubourg P, Chambolle P, Kah O, Maiza S, Olivereau M (1983) Ultrastructure des cellules à prolactine et survie de Gambusia sp. (poisson téléostéen) en eau désionisée enrichie en calcium ou en sodium Gen Comp Endocrinol 50:432–444
Follénius E, Doerr-Schott J, Dubois MP (1978) Immunocytology of pituitary cells from teleost fishes. Int Rev Cytol 54:193–223
Holmes RL, Ball JN (1974) The pituitary gland; a comparative account. Cambridge University Press, London, pp 170–220
Holtzman S, Napoli VG, Schreibman MP (1972) Histophysiological responses of prolactin cells in the fresh water teleost, Xiphophorus maculatus (platyfish), after varying periods in dilute sea water. Am Zool 12:678
Ichikawa T (1973) Histological observations in the pituitary gland and the glomerular body of the larvae of the marine teleost Hexagrammos otakii. Z Zellforsch 141:493–503
Leatherland JF, Lin L (1976) Activity of the pituitary gland in embryo and larval stages of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutsch. Can J Zool 53:297–310
Loretz CA, Bern HA (1982) Prolactin and osmoregulation in vertebrates. An update. Neuroendocrinology 35:292–304
Myers GS (1942) Studies on South American fresh water fishes I. Stanford Ichth Bull 2:89–114
Nagahama Y, Olivereau M, Farmer SW, Nishioka RS, Bern HA (1981) Immunocytochemical identification of the prolactin-, and growth hormone secreting cells in the teleost pituitary with antisera to tilapia prolactin and growth hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 44:389–395
Naito N, Takahashi A, Nakai Y, Kawauchi H, Hirano T (1983) Immunocytochemical identification of the prolactin secreting cells in the teleost pituitary with an antiserum to chum salmon prolactin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 50:282–291
Nicoll CS, Walker Wilson S, Nishioka R, Bern HA (1981) Blood and pituitary prolactin levels in tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus; teleostei) from different salinities as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay. Gen Comp Endocrinol 44:365–373
Ogasawara T, Yamada J (1979) Histological changes of the prolactin cells of the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in media of different osmolarities and calcium concentrations. Zool Mag 88:314–317
Olivereau M, Olivereau J (1983) Response of prolactin cells to environmental calcium in the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Cell Tissue Res 229:243–252
Olivereau M, Aimar C, Olivereau JM (1980) PAS-positive cells of the pars intermedia are calcium sensitive in the goldfish maintained in a hyposmotic milieu. Cell Tissue Res 212:29–38
Olivereau M, Olivereau JM, Aimar C (1982a) Influence of deionized water supplemented or not with different ions on prolactin cell activity and osmotic regulation in the goldfish. Comp Biochem Physiol 71A:11–16
Olivereau M, Olivereau JM, Aimar C (1982b) Response of calcium-sensitive cells in the pars intermedia of the goldfish adapted to diluted sea water with different calcium and magnesium contents. Cell Tissue Res 225:497–505
Olivereau M, Olivereau JM, Aimar C, Chambolle P, Dubourg P (1983) Response of prolactin cells in the goldfish adapted to diluted sea water with or without calcium. Gen Comp Endocrinol 52:51–55
Rawdon BB (1979) Immunostaining of η-cells in the rostral pars distalis and PAS-positive cells in the pars intermedia of a teleost (Sarotherodon mossambicus) by antisera to mammalian prolactin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 37:374–382
Ruijter JM, Kemenade JAM van, Verhofstad AAJ (1984) The development of the prolactin cells in the annual cyprinodont fish, Cynolebias whitei, in different ambient salinities. Gen Comp Endocrinol 53:478–479
Sachs L (1968) Statistische Auswertungsmethoden. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp 293–302
Schoots AFM, Ruijter JM, Kemenade JAM van, Denucé JM (1983) Immunoreactive prolactin in the pituitary gland of cyprinodont fish at the time of hatching. Cell Tissue Res 233:611–618
Schreibman MP, Leatherland JF, McKeown BA (1973) Functional morphology of the teleost pituitary gland. Am Zool 13:719–742
Sternberger LA (1979) Immunocytochemistry. Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 2nd edition
Utida S, Hatai S, Hirano S, Kamemoto FI (1971) Effects of prolactin on survival and plasma sodium levels in hypophysectomized medaka, Oryzias latipes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 16:566–573
Van Eys GJJM, Wendelaar Bonga SE (1984) Responses of the PAS-positive pars intermedia cells in the cichlid fish Sarotherodon mossambicus to ambient calcium and background adaptation. Cell Tissue Res 236:181–187
Weibel ER (1979) Stereological methods. Vol I. Academic Press, New York
Wendelaar Bonga SE (1978a) The role of environmental calcium and magnesium ions in the control of prolactin secretion in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. In: Gaillard PJ, Boer HH (eds) Comparative endocrinology. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 259–262
Wendelaar Bonga SE (1978b) The effect of changes in external sodium, calcium and magnesium concentrations on prolactin cells, skin and plasma electrolytes of Gasterosteus aculeatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 34:265–275
Wendelaar Bonga SE, Van der Mey JCA (1981) Effect of ambient osmolarity and calcium on prolactin cell activity and osmotic water permeability of the gills in the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 43:432–442
Wendelaar Bonga SE, Löwik CJM, Van der Mey JCA (1983) Effects of external Mg2+ and Ca2+ on branchial osmotic water permeability and prolactin secretion in the teleost fish Sarotherodon mossambicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 52:222–231
Wourms JP (1972) Developmental biology of annual fishes. I. Stages in the normal development of Austrofundulus myersi Dahl. J Exp Zool 182:143–167
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruijter, J.M., van Kemenade, J.A.M. & Bonga, S.E.W. Environmental influences on prolactin cell development in the cyprinodont fish, Cynolebias whitei . Cell Tissue Res. 238, 595–600 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219877
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219877