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Stimulation of radial expansion in arabidopsis roots by inhibitors of actomyosin and vesicle secretion but not by various inhibitors of metabolism

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Abstract

Plant morphogenesis depends on accurate control over growth anisotropy. To learn to what extent the control of growth anisotropy depends on cellular metaolism, we surveyed the response of growing roots to a range of inhibitors. Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh), 7–8 d old, were transplanted onto plates containing an inhibitor, and elongation and radial expansion of roots were measured over the subsequent 2-d period. Fourteen inhibitors of diverse metabolic processes inhibited root elongation but failed to stimulate radial expansion. These inhibitors were aluminum sulfate, aphidicolin (DNA synthesis), caffeine (cell-plate formation), cisplatin (DNA synthesis), cycloheximide (protein synthesis), 3,4-dehydro-l-proline (proline hydroxylation), 6-dimethylaminopurine (protein kinases), dinitrophenol (mitochondrial ATP synthesis), galactose (UDP-glucose formation), Lovastatin, formerly mevinolin (isoprenoid formation), methionine sulfoximine (glutamine synthetase), methotrexate (folate metabolism), XRD-489 (synthesis of branched-chain amino acids), and high or low calcium treatments. These results show that various types of metabolic disruption, although inhibitory to elongation, do not reduce the high degree of anisotropic growth of the root. However, five chemicals did stimulate radial expansion; namely, the detergent, digitonin; two inhibitors of vesicle secretion, monensin and brefeldin A; and two inhibitors of actomyosin, cytochalasin B and butanedione monoxime. The maximum radial expansion induced by these compounds (except butanedione monoxime) was greater than that caused by ethylene, and the morphology of treated roots did not resemble that of roots treated with ethylene. These results indicate that vesicle secretion and actomyosin play a role in controlling anisotropic expansion.

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Abbreviations

BDM:

2,3-butanedione monoxime

DCB:

2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile

DMAP:

6-dimethylaminopurine

XRD-489:

triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide

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Author notes

  1. Nathan J. Bivens

    Present address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA

    Tobias I. Baskin & Nathan J. Bivens

Authors
  1. Tobias I. Baskin
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  2. Nathan J. Bivens
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tobias I. Baskin.

Additional information

We thank Jan Wilson for superb technical assistance, Rob SpelIbrink for experiments on etr1, Dr. A.W. Albers, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J. for generously providing a sample of Lovastatin, Dr. D. R. Kittle, DowElanco, Indianapolis, Ind., for generously providing a sample of XRD-489, Professor J. Hyams, University of London for introducing us to the myosin inhibitor BDM, and Professor Dale Blevins and Dr. Janet Gorst (University of Tasmania) for critical comments on the manuscript. N.J.B. was an undergraduate scholar in the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Education. This work was supported in part by the Cooperative State Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 92-373-4-7868 to T.I.B, and by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, (award number 94 ER20146), which does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed herein.

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Baskin, T.I., Bivens, N.J. Stimulation of radial expansion in arabidopsis roots by inhibitors of actomyosin and vesicle secretion but not by various inhibitors of metabolism. Planta 197, 514–521 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196673

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196673

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